汶川地震盆地效应的思考与建议
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摘要
通过实地考察及资料搜集,统计分析了汶川地震中地貌以及局部场地条件对震害的影响。根据受灾城市所在地理位置的不同,将城市分为盆地内部(成都)、盆地边缘(都江堰、绵竹、江油、什邡)、盆地外部(北川)3类,分别统计了震害情况,分析了震害原因。发现在这次地震中盆地效应尤其明显,盆地边缘震害比较严重;盆地中部震害较轻;山区的震害比平原的严重,尤其是在两个距离比较近的山体之间的地区,除了地震灾害之外,滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害也很严重。最后对建筑抗震设计提出了几点建议。
By observation and data collection about Wenchuan earthquake,the paper makes a statistical analysis of the effect of physiognomy and local site conditions on the earthquake damage.According to the different geographical locations of the disaster-stricken cities,the city will be classified into three categories: internal basin(Chengdu),the edge of the basin(Dujiangyan,Mianzhu,Jiangyou,Shifang),external basin(Kitagawa),to analyze the reasons of earthquake damage.The basin effect was found particularly in earthquake.And the damage is more serious in the edge of the basin and lighter in the central basin,and in the mountains the earthquake damage is more serious than in the plains.Especially in the areas between the mountains,in addition to the earthquake disaster,the secondary disasters,such as landslide and mud-rock flows are also very serious. Finally,the paper puts forward several suggestions for the seismic design of buildings in the future.
By observation and data collection about Wenchuan earthquake,the paper makes a statistical analysis of the effect of physiognomy and local site conditions on the earthquake damage.According to the different geographical locations of the disaster-stricken cities,the city will be classified into three categories: internal basin(Chengdu),the edge of the basin(Dujiangyan,Mianzhu,Jiangyou,Shifang),external basin(Kitagawa),to analyze the reasons of earthquake damage.The basin effect was found particularly in earthquake.And the damage is more serious in the edge of the basin and lighter in the central basin,and in the mountains the earthquake damage is more serious than in the plains.Especially in the areas between the mountains,in addition to the earthquake disaster,the secondary disasters,such as landslide and mud-rock flows are also very serious. Finally,the paper puts forward several suggestions for the seismic design of buildings in the future.
引文
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[13]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[2]李忠权,应丹琳,郭晓玉,等.龙门山汶川地震特征及构造动力学初析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):426-430.Li Z Q,Ying D L,Guo X Y,et al.A primary analy-sis of geophysical and geodynamic features of theWenchuan earthquake in Longmen Mountains,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(4):426-430.
[3]罗志立,雍自权,刘树根,等.四川汶川大地震与C型俯冲的关系和抗震减灾的建议[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):337-347.Luo Z L,Yong Z Q,Liu S G,et al.Relationship be-tween C-subduction and the Wenchuan earthquake andsuggestions on preventing earthquakes and mitigatingdisaters[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Tech-nology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(4):337-347.
[4]车伟,罗奇峰.复杂地形条件下地震波的传播研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(9):1333-1337.Che W,Luo Q F.Seismic wave propagation in com-plex topography[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2008,30(9):1333-1337.
[5]范会吉,姚陈.地震波的散射与盆地的场地效应[J].中国地震,1996,12(2):209-223.Fan H J,Yao C.Scattering of seismic waves and siteeffects of basin-like models[J].Earthquake Researchin China,1996,12(2):209-223.
[6]腾吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学相应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processesand dynamic responses associated with the WenchuanMs8.0 earthquake of 2008[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[7]张陪震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等,2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.Slip rates andrecurrence intervals of Longmen Shan active faultzone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism ofthe May 12[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[8]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629.Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,et al.The Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismo-genic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597-629.
[9]Li X J,Zhou Z H,Huang M,et al.Introduction andpreliminary analysis of strong motion recordings fromthe 12 May 2005 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake ofChina[C]∥The 14thWorld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering,Beijing:[s.n.],2008.
[10]Li X J,Zhou Z H,Yu H Y,et al.Strong motion ob-servations and recordings from the great WenchuanEarthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engi-neering Vibration,2008,7(3):235-246.
[11]Wang Z F.A preliminary report on the greatWenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,7(2):225-234.
[12]Baisa Rodonikova,Tamara Larkova,VladislavShleifer,et al.Genesis,dynamic process,classifica-tion and evolution of sedimentary basins[C]∥Ab-stracts of 30th International Geological Congress(Volume 1 of 3),Beijing:[s.n.],1996,317-365.
[13]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
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