北京南口-孙河断裂晚第四纪古地震事件的钻孔剖面对比与分析
摘要
南口-孙河断裂是北京市区隐伏的正倾滑活动断裂,其地震危险性备受关注.将槽探研究活动断层古地震的经验引入到钻探工作中,提出了通过土芯识别断层崖崩积层的模式,并采用三重管取芯技术在南口-孙河断裂带附近采集了连续的原状土芯.通过断坎前崩积层识别、地层累计位移限定与下降盘地层增厚现象分析等方法,初步建立了断裂带距今60ka以来由13次地表位错事件组成的古地震序列.根据复发间隔的差异,将地震活动历史分为3个时段.距今60~40ka之间发生了3次地震,复发间隔为10ka左右.40~25ka之间发生了6次地震,复发间隔多为2.5ka左右.25ka以来发生了4次地震,复发间隔变化较大,其中最近3次地震的复发间隔为5ka左右.复发间隔小的时期也是断层滑动速率大的时期.单次事件的同震位移为0.8~2.2m,均值为1.4m,矩震级相当于6.7~7.1级.研究认为通过钻探技术研究正断层的古地震事件是可行的,但要获得完整的古地震序列,需要足够密集的钻孔和连续的原状土芯.
引文
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18柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测—以银川隐伏活动断层为例.地震地质,2006,28(1):536—546
19Dolan J F,Christofferson S A,Shaw J H.Recognition of paleoearthquakes on the Puente Hills Blind thrust fault,California.Science,2003,300:115—118
20江娃利,谢新生.正倾滑活动断裂垂直位移定量研究中相关问题的讨论.地震地质,2002,24(2):177—187
21向宏发,方仲景,等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究.地震研究,1995,18(1):75—79
22江娃利,候治华,谢新生.北京平原南口-孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):501—509
23闻学泽.活动断裂地震潜势的定量评估.北京:地震出版社,1995.43—47
24Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974—1002
25Bonilla M G,Mark R K,Lienkaemper J J.Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude,surface rupture length,and surface fault displacement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1984,74:2379—2411
2邓起东.城市活动断裂探测和地震危险性评价问题.地震地质,2002,24(4):601—605
3邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术.地学前缘,2003,10(1):93—103
4Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities.Earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay Region:2002to2031.USGS Open-File Report03-214,2003.1—235
5Fisher M A,Langenheim V E,Sorlien C C.Recent deformation along the offshore Malibu coast,Dume,and related faults west of Point Dume,southern California.Bull Seism Soc Am,2005,95:2486—2500
6Baher S,Fuis G,Sliter R,et al.Upper-crustal structure of the inner continental borderland near Long Beach,California.Bull Seism Soc Am,2005,95:1957—1969
7Schwartz D P,Coppersmith K J.Fault behavior and characteristic earthquakes-Examples from the Wasatch and San Andreas fault zones.J Geophy Res,1984,89:5681—56988Nelson A R.Lithofacies analysis of colluvial sediments-an aid in interpreting the recent history of Quaternary normal faults in the ba-sin and range province,western United States.J Sed Petrol,1992,62(4):607—621
9Deng Q D,Liao Y H.Paleoseismology along the range-front fault of Helan mountains,north central China.J Geophy Res,1996,
101(B3):5873—5893
10向宏发,方仲景,贾三发,等.隐伏断裂研究及其工程应用—以北京平原区为例.北京:地震出版社,1994.1—97
11Dolan J F,Stevens D,Rockwell T K.Paleoseismologic evidence for an early to mid-Holocene age of the most recent surface rupture on the Hollywood Fault,Los Angeles,California.Bull Seism Soc Am,2000,90:334—344
12徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列—河北夏垫断裂古地震研究.地震地质,2000,22(1):9—19
13江娃利.北京平原夏垫断裂潘各庄钻孔晚更新世晚期以来古地震事件分析.见:中国地震局科技发展司,编.活动断裂研究(8).北京:地震出版社,2001.140—148
14Marco S,Agnon A.High-resolution stratigraphy reveals repeated earthquake faulting in the Masada Fault Zone,Dead Sea Transform.Tectonophysics,2005,408:101—112
15Guccione M J,Marple R,Autin W J.Evidence for Holocene displacements on the Bootheel fault(lineament)in southeastern Missouri:seismotectonic implications for the New Madrid region.Geol Soc Am Bull,2005,117:319—333
16McHugh C M G,Seeber L,Cormier M H.Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea,Turkey:a model for transform basin sedimentation.Earth Planet Sc Lett,2006,248:661—684
17朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等.福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价.北京:科学出版社,2005.246—279
18柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测—以银川隐伏活动断层为例.地震地质,2006,28(1):536—546
19Dolan J F,Christofferson S A,Shaw J H.Recognition of paleoearthquakes on the Puente Hills Blind thrust fault,California.Science,2003,300:115—118
20江娃利,谢新生.正倾滑活动断裂垂直位移定量研究中相关问题的讨论.地震地质,2002,24(2):177—187
21向宏发,方仲景,等.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动特征的联合剖面研究.地震研究,1995,18(1):75—79
22江娃利,候治华,谢新生.北京平原南口-孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):501—509
23闻学泽.活动断裂地震潜势的定量评估.北京:地震出版社,1995.43—47
24Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1994,84:974—1002
25Bonilla M G,Mark R K,Lienkaemper J J.Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude,surface rupture length,and surface fault displacement.Bull Seism Soc Am,1984,74:2379—2411
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