基于GIS/RS的地震灾区流域水土保持功能恢复效应评价
|
摘要
水土保持在维护区域生态安全中具有重要作用。"5.12"汶川地震中,茶坪山区域水土保持功能严重受损,经过4年时间,其恢复效果及变化趋势如何,是决策者迫切需要的重要信息。利用TM影像,解译了研究小流域2007、2008、2011年地震前后3个时段的土地利用图。基于GIS和RS,利用RUSLE模型分别计算了3个时段土壤侵蚀量和侵蚀强度。通过对比,分析了水土保持功能恢复效应。结果表明:总面积474.41km2的研究区内,2007年土壤侵蚀总量4.061×105t,2008年土壤侵蚀总量6.997×105t,增加了72.30%。2011年土壤侵蚀总量6.163×105t,相比2008年,土壤侵蚀总量减少了11.92%,水土保持功能有所恢复。分析发现,地震前后3个年份各侵蚀强度级别的面积都是随侵蚀强度的增加而减少,说明地震破坏及恢复期,土壤侵蚀强度的面积分布格局并未改变。
Soil and water conservation plays an important role in the maintenance of regional ecological security.Soil conservation function of Mountain Chaping region was badly damaged during "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake.After four years,how the effect it recovery and change trend,are information that policymakers need urgently.The land-use maps of the small watershed in 2007,2008 and 2011 including three periods before and after the earthquake were interpreted using TM image.Based on GIS and RS,using RUSLE model the quantity and intensity of soil erosion of the three periods were calculated respectively.Through the contrast,the restoration effect of soil and water conservation function was analyzed.The results showed that in the research area with 474.41 km2,the total soil erosion in 2007 was 4.061×105 t,and that in 2008 was 6.997×105 t,increasing than 2007 by 72.30%.In 2011,the total amount of soil erosion was 6.163×105 t,compared with that in 2008,the total amount of soil erosion decreased by 11.92%,soil and water conservation function restored.By analysis it found that in three years before and after the earthquake,the area of every level of erosion intensity decreased with the increase of erosion intensity,which meant that there was no change of the soil erosion pattern during the periods of earthquake damage and restoration.
Soil and water conservation plays an important role in the maintenance of regional ecological security.Soil conservation function of Mountain Chaping region was badly damaged during "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake.After four years,how the effect it recovery and change trend,are information that policymakers need urgently.The land-use maps of the small watershed in 2007,2008 and 2011 including three periods before and after the earthquake were interpreted using TM image.Based on GIS and RS,using RUSLE model the quantity and intensity of soil erosion of the three periods were calculated respectively.Through the contrast,the restoration effect of soil and water conservation function was analyzed.The results showed that in the research area with 474.41 km2,the total soil erosion in 2007 was 4.061×105 t,and that in 2008 was 6.997×105 t,increasing than 2007 by 72.30%.In 2011,the total amount of soil erosion was 6.163×105 t,compared with that in 2008,the total amount of soil erosion decreased by 11.92%,soil and water conservation function restored.By analysis it found that in three years before and after the earthquake,the area of every level of erosion intensity decreased with the increase of erosion intensity,which meant that there was no change of the soil erosion pattern during the periods of earthquake damage and restoration.
引文
[1]《四川省生态功能区划》编写组.四川省生态功能区划[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2010.49-49.
[2]李岳东.“5.12”汶川大地震极重灾区生态破坏评估[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2010.4-5.
[3]王文娟,张树文,李颖,等.基于GIS和USLE的三江平原土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):112-117.
[4]李铖,李俊祥,朱飞鸽,等.基于RUSLE的环杭州湾地区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及关键敏感因子识别[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1577-1585.
[5]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2002,5(16):43-46.
[6]孙泉忠,王朝军,赵佳,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R指标研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27:1-5.
[7]王万中,焦菊英,郝小品,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(I)[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(4):5-18.
[8]Lehmk F,刘世建.青藏高原东北部若尔盖盆地荒漠化[J].山地研究,1997,15(2):119-123.
[9]陆建忠,陈晓玲,李辉,等.基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):337-345.
[10]秦伟,朱清科,张岩.通用土壤流失方程中的坡长因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(2):117-124.
[11]黄金良,洪华生,张路平,等.基于G IS和U S L E的九龙江流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):75-79.
[12]傅世锋,查轩.基于GIS和USLE的东圳库区土壤侵蚀量预测研究[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(3):390-395.
[13]宋现锋,段峥,牛海山,等.土壤侵蚀模型中植被管理因子的遥感估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):58-63.
[14]倪九派,傅涛,李瑞雪,等.应用ARC/INFO预测芋子沟小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):29-32,50.
[2]李岳东.“5.12”汶川大地震极重灾区生态破坏评估[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2010.4-5.
[3]王文娟,张树文,李颖,等.基于GIS和USLE的三江平原土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):112-117.
[4]李铖,李俊祥,朱飞鸽,等.基于RUSLE的环杭州湾地区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及关键敏感因子识别[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1577-1585.
[5]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2002,5(16):43-46.
[6]孙泉忠,王朝军,赵佳,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R指标研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27:1-5.
[7]王万中,焦菊英,郝小品,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(I)[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(4):5-18.
[8]Lehmk F,刘世建.青藏高原东北部若尔盖盆地荒漠化[J].山地研究,1997,15(2):119-123.
[9]陆建忠,陈晓玲,李辉,等.基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):337-345.
[10]秦伟,朱清科,张岩.通用土壤流失方程中的坡长因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(2):117-124.
[11]黄金良,洪华生,张路平,等.基于G IS和U S L E的九龙江流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):75-79.
[12]傅世锋,查轩.基于GIS和USLE的东圳库区土壤侵蚀量预测研究[J].地球信息科学,2008,10(3):390-395.
[13]宋现锋,段峥,牛海山,等.土壤侵蚀模型中植被管理因子的遥感估算[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):58-63.
[14]倪九派,傅涛,李瑞雪,等.应用ARC/INFO预测芋子沟小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):29-32,50.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心