大规模人流多出口应急疏散预案的优化与研究
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摘要
设计了有通行能力限制的多出口疏散路径整数规划模型,采用回溯算法和二分搜索算法结合的算法来求解,将各弧段上的通行速度表示为时变的连续递减函数,并对不同弧段的速度函数设置了不同的衰减参数。最后结合汶川地震中四川大邑县的地震应急疏散图作为案例进行了仿真,对其应急预案进行了优化并给出了改进建议,同时也证明了算法的正确性和实用性。
An integer programming model with capacity limit as well as multiple paths and exits is developed in the article.The speed on each arc is assumed to continuously decrease with respect to time,and different parameters are tested to the speed decrease functions on the arcs.The case of Dayi earthquake emergency evacuation plan is simulated by the model and algorithm and improvement of the plan is discussed.The example shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm.
An integer programming model with capacity limit as well as multiple paths and exits is developed in the article.The speed on each arc is assumed to continuously decrease with respect to time,and different parameters are tested to the speed decrease functions on the arcs.The case of Dayi earthquake emergency evacuation plan is simulated by the model and algorithm and improvement of the plan is discussed.The example shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm.
引文
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[9]Urbina E,Wolshon B.National review of hurricaneevacuation plans and policies:a comparison and con-trast of state practices[J].Transportation ResearchPart A(S0965-8564),2003,37(3):257-275.
[10]谢旭阳.高层建筑火灾最佳疏散线路的确定[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(3):75-80.
[11]肖国清,温丽敏,陈宝智,等.毒气泄漏时的最佳疏散路径[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(6):674-677.
[12]Tufekci S.An integrated emergency management de-cision support systemfor hurricane emergencies[J].Safety Science(S0925-7535),1995,20(1):39-48.
[13]胡运权.运筹学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
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[15]Cova T J,Johnson J P.A network flow model forlane-based evacuation routing[J].Transportation Re-search Part A,2003,37(1):579-604.
[16]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急救援系统与预案导论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[17]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急预案分级、分类体系及其基本内容[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):10-15.
[2]新闻网.汶川地震损失统计[EB/OL].http://www.xinhuanet.com/,2008.
[3]李晶晶,纪庆革.基于遗传算法优化多出口疏散路径问题[J].上海师范大学学报,2008,37(4):20-23.
[4]人民网.公共设施安全疏散隐患[EB/OL].http://www.people.com.cn/GB/index.ht ml,2008.
[5]郑小平.人流紧急疏散模拟方法述评[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(01):07-27.
[6]袁媛,汪定伟.灾害扩散实时影响下的应急疏散路径选择模型[J].系统仿真学报,2008(6):1563-1566.
[7]Tufekci S,Wallace WA.The emerging area of emer-gency management and engineering[J].IEEE Trans-actions on Engineering Management(S0018-9391),1998,45(2):103-105.
[8]Vigitrust M G.Crisis management best practice?where do we start from?[J].Computer Fraud&Se-curity(S1361-3723),2006(6):10-13.
[9]Urbina E,Wolshon B.National review of hurricaneevacuation plans and policies:a comparison and con-trast of state practices[J].Transportation ResearchPart A(S0965-8564),2003,37(3):257-275.
[10]谢旭阳.高层建筑火灾最佳疏散线路的确定[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(3):75-80.
[11]肖国清,温丽敏,陈宝智,等.毒气泄漏时的最佳疏散路径[J].东北大学学报,2001,22(6):674-677.
[12]Tufekci S.An integrated emergency management de-cision support systemfor hurricane emergencies[J].Safety Science(S0925-7535),1995,20(1):39-48.
[13]胡运权.运筹学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[14]谢政.网络算法与复杂性理论[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2003.
[15]Cova T J,Johnson J P.A network flow model forlane-based evacuation routing[J].Transportation Re-search Part A,2003,37(1):579-604.
[16]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急救援系统与预案导论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.
[17]吴宗之,刘茂.重大事故应急预案分级、分类体系及其基本内容[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(1):10-15.
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