水下爆炸冲击荷载下混凝土重力坝的抗爆性能
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摘要
在水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下,结构动力响应较之静态荷载和地震荷载作用下要复杂得多。通过大量的数值模拟,探讨了混凝土重力坝在水下爆炸冲击荷载作用下,大坝高度、库前水位对大坝抗爆性能的影响,为大坝抗爆性能评估和防护设计提供基础。数值计算中,构建了重力坝水下爆炸全耦合数值模型,并考虑爆炸冲击作用下混凝土的高应变率效应。研究结果表明:对于混凝土重力坝,随着大坝高度的增加,大坝的抗爆性能增强;库前水位对大坝的抗爆性能影响较大,通过降低库前水位可有效提高大坝的抗爆性能。
The dynamic responses of structures under blast loading are much more complicated than those under other loadings such as static and earthquake loadings.In order to fully realize the blast resistances of concrete gravity dams,a great many numerical simulations were implemented by using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models.The influences of dam height and water level before the dams on the blast resistance of the dams were analyzed,and a theoretical basis was provided for antiknock performance evaluation and protection design.Strain rate effects of concrete dams were taken into consideration in the establishment of the fully-coupled model for the gravity dams.For this kind of concrete gravity dams,numerical results indicate that the blast resistance of the low dams is weaker than that of the high dams,that the water level before the dams plays an important role on the antiknock performances of the dams,and that the antiknock performances of the dams can be effectively improved by reducing the water level.
The dynamic responses of structures under blast loading are much more complicated than those under other loadings such as static and earthquake loadings.In order to fully realize the blast resistances of concrete gravity dams,a great many numerical simulations were implemented by using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models.The influences of dam height and water level before the dams on the blast resistance of the dams were analyzed,and a theoretical basis was provided for antiknock performance evaluation and protection design.Strain rate effects of concrete dams were taken into consideration in the establishment of the fully-coupled model for the gravity dams.For this kind of concrete gravity dams,numerical results indicate that the blast resistance of the low dams is weaker than that of the high dams,that the water level before the dams plays an important role on the antiknock performances of the dams,and that the antiknock performances of the dams can be effectively improved by reducing the water level.
引文
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[2]徐俊祥,刘西拉.水中爆炸冲击下混凝土坝动力响应的全耦合分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(6):1001-1004.Xu Jun-xiang,Liu Xi-la.Full coupled simulation of concrete dams subjected to underwater explosion[J].Journal ofShanghai Jiaotong University,2008,42(6):1001-1004.
[3]李鸿波,张我华,陈云敏.爆炸冲击荷载作用下重力坝三维各向异性脆性动力损伤有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1598-1605.Li Hong-bo,Zhang Wo-hua,Chen Yun-min.3Dfinite element analysis of anisotropic brittle dynamic damage ingravity dam under blast impact load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1598-1605.
[4]刘军,刘汉龙,张正.爆炸荷载下土石坝动力响应特征的数值模拟[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,28(1):10-16.Liu Jun,Liu Han-long,Zhang Zheng.Numerical simulation of dynamic response of an earth and rock-fill dam to ablast loading[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(1):10-16.
[5]Yu Tian-tang.Dynamical response simulation of concrete dam subjected to underwater contact explosion load[C]∥Computer Science and Information Engineering 2009WRI World Congress:769-774.
[6]李本平,王永,卢文波.制导炸弹在坝前水面爆炸破坏效应研究[J].爆破,2007,24(4):7-12.Li Ben-ping,Wang Yong,Lu Wen-bo.Study on the damage effect for water surface explosion of precision guidedbomb[J].Blasting,2007,24(4):7-12.
[7]Malvar L J,Ross C A.Review of strain rate effects for concrete in tension[J].ACI Materials Journal,1999,96(5):614-616.
[8]Bischoff P H,Perry S H.Compressive behavior of concrete at high strain rate[J].Materials and Structures,1991,24(144):425-450.
[9]Holomquist T J,Johnson G R,Cook W H.A computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to largestrains,high strain rates,and high pressures[C]∥Jackson N,Dickert S.The 14th International Symposium onBallistics.USA:American Defense Preparedness Association,1993:591-600.
[10]Johnson G R.Computed radial stresses in a concrete target penetrated by a steel projectile[C]∥Proceedings of the5th International Conference on Structures under Shock and Impact.Greece,1998:793-806.
[11]Livermore Software Technology Corporation.LS-DYNA keyword user’manul[M].California:Livermore Soft-ware Technology Corporation,2006.
[12]王涛,余文力,王少龙,等.国外钻地武器的现状与发展趋势[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2005(5):51-56.Wang Tao,Yu Wen-li,Wang Shao-long,et al.Present status and tendency of foreign earth-penetrating weapons[J].Missles and Space Vehicles,2005(5):51-56.
[13]Weathersbly J H.Investigation of bond slip between concrete and steel reinforcement under dynamic loading condi-tions[D].Louisiana State University,USA,2003.
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