试论北朝时期虫灾发生的特点
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摘要
北朝时期北方地区虫灾种类较多,以蝗灾为主要类型;虫灾发生的季节性明显,主要发生在夏、秋两季;在地区分布上,北方大多数地区都发生过蝗灾,今河北、河南、甘肃为相对高发区;而虸蚄灾的发生具有明显的地区性,今山东、河北为相对高发区;虫灾和水灾、旱灾、风灾等自然灾害具有一定的关联性。
The feature of insect damage was a great variety, of which plague of locusts was the major family; The seasonal feature was evident, for which the plague occurred mosdy in summer and autumn; According to the regional distribution, the plague mosdy happened in the northern areas,such as Guangzhou,Liangzhou, Yuzhou,Youzhou,Jizhou,Pingzhou,Hezhou, Zhaozhou, Yingzhou and Dingzhou, i. e. the present Hebei, Henan and Gansu provinces; The plague of the oriental army worms spread mosdy with regional features.The major plaguesome areas included Guangzhou,Qingzhou,Qizhou,Xiangzhou and Nanqingzhou,and those places include the present provinces: Shandong and Hebei.It could not be neglected that the insect damage and flood, drought and windstorm were related.
The feature of insect damage was a great variety, of which plague of locusts was the major family; The seasonal feature was evident, for which the plague occurred mosdy in summer and autumn; According to the regional distribution, the plague mosdy happened in the northern areas,such as Guangzhou,Liangzhou, Yuzhou,Youzhou,Jizhou,Pingzhou,Hezhou, Zhaozhou, Yingzhou and Dingzhou, i. e. the present Hebei, Henan and Gansu provinces; The plague of the oriental army worms spread mosdy with regional features.The major plaguesome areas included Guangzhou,Qingzhou,Qizhou,Xiangzhou and Nanqingzhou,and those places include the present provinces: Shandong and Hebei.It could not be neglected that the insect damage and flood, drought and windstorm were related.
引文
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[2]魏收．魏书[M]．卷112上,灵征志上．北京:中华书局,1974．
[3]张波．中国农业自然灾害史料集[M]．西安:陕西科技出版社,1994．
[4]邹树文．中国昆虫学史[M]．北京:科学出版社,1981．
[5]袁林．西北灾荒史[M]．兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1994．
[6]高文学．中国自然灾害史(总论)[M]．北京:地震出版社,1997．
[7]陆人骥．中国历代蝗灾的初步研究[J]．农业考古,1986,(1)．
[8]田村专之助．中国气象学史研究(下卷)[M]．东京:中国气象学史研究刊行会,昭和52年．
[9]郑云飞．中国历史上的蝗灾分析[J]．中国农史,1990,(4)．
[10]张建民．灾害历史学[M]．长沙:湖南人民出版社,1998．
[11]余英时．中国知识阶层史论·古代篇[M]．北京:联经出版社,1981．
[12]邹逸麟．黄淮海平原历史地理[M]．合肥:安徽教育出版社,1997．
[13]陈业新．灾害与两汉社会研究[M]．上海:上海人民出版社,2004．
[14]杨振红．汉代自然灾害初探[J]．中国史研究,1999,(4)．
[15]张文华．汉代蝗灾论略[J]．唐都学刊,2003,(1)．
[16]马世骏．中国东亚飞蝗蝗区的研究[M]．北京:科学出版社,1965;官德祥．两汉时期蝗灾述论[J]．中国农史,2001,(3)．
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