清初回族名将冶大雄
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摘要
清朝顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆四朝,出现了许多回族名将,其中有通过科考入仕的,而更多的则是通过行伍登上将坛,冶大雄便是后者中之典型。冶大雄戎马一生,身经百战,为国家的统一和稳定作出贡献,但晚境却相当凄楚,身后名声不彰。本文以前人的研究为基础,对冶大雄的一生作深入探求,以期对这位杰出的历史人物有更加全面和准确的评介,对回族将星的涌现提供一些思索。
There were many high rank military officials and generals who were Chinese Muslims emerged during early Qing Dynasty.Many of them were selected through Imperial Examinations,but more entered their military career through simply joining the armed forces.Ye Daxiong,as a very typical example of the latter kind,experienced a nearly lifetime of warfare and made tremendous contributions to the nation,but spent his last years in misery,and lost his reputation.The paper is based on previous academic works on Ye,and makes an attempt to draw a deeper understanding of Ye through few newly found records,and makes some assumptions for all Chinese Muslim military officials in Qing Dynasty as a whole.
There were many high rank military officials and generals who were Chinese Muslims emerged during early Qing Dynasty.Many of them were selected through Imperial Examinations,but more entered their military career through simply joining the armed forces.Ye Daxiong,as a very typical example of the latter kind,experienced a nearly lifetime of warfare and made tremendous contributions to the nation,but spent his last years in misery,and lost his reputation.The paper is based on previous academic works on Ye,and makes an attempt to draw a deeper understanding of Ye through few newly found records,and makes some assumptions for all Chinese Muslim military officials in Qing Dynasty as a whole.
引文
①中国第一历史档案馆档案:《内阁前三朝题本》胶片139卷,爱新觉罗石麟《为核陈兵马粮饷事》。转引自刘泽民:《山西通史》(卷五明清卷),山西人民出版社,2001年,第295页。按,《清史列传》《清史稿》均作“李如柏”,疑误。先冶大雄为大同总兵的是宋如柏,而非李如柏,确否待考。
[1]清史列传.卷15:冶大雄传[M].
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[3]马奇.圣祖仁皇帝实录.卷285:五十八年九月甲戍条[M].
[4]清史稿.卷311:冶大雄传[M].
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[28]杨兆钧.云南回族史[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,1989:90.
[29]柏怀思.贵州省志宗教志[M].贵阳:贵州民族出版社,2007:259.
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[31]中国南方回族文化教育资料选编[M].成都:四川民族出版社,2001:287.
[1]清史列传.卷15:冶大雄传[M].
[2]岳襄勤公行略[A].清史资料(第4辑)[C].北京:中华书局,1983:173.
[3]马奇.圣祖仁皇帝实录.卷285:五十八年九月甲戍条[M].
[4]清史稿.卷311:冶大雄传[M].
[5]魏源.雍正两征厄鲁特记.卷3[M].
[6]平定准噶尔方略.卷21(前编)[M].乙亥年.
[7]皇朝文献通考.卷187:兵考九[M].
[8]鄂西少数民族史料辑录[M].1986:329。
[9]田旻如奏[A].容美土司史料汇编[C].1984:39-40.
[10]旧典备徵.笔记小说大观(第33编)[M].新兴书局有限公司,1983:83.
[11]王纲.大清历朝实录四川史料(上册)[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,1991:285.
[12]冯尔康,许盛恒,阎爱民.雍正皇帝全传[M].北京:学苑出版社,1994:133.
[13]清史列传.卷17:岳钟琪传[M].
[14]清稗类钞.战事类:傅恒征金川(第2册)[M].
[15]圣武记.卷7:乾隆初定金川土司记[M].
[16]卫藏通志.卷13[M].台北:台湾商务印书馆,1937.
[17]云南省志.卷3:地震志[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1999:32.
[18]高宗实录.卷415[M].乾隆十七年五月戊寅.
[19]方国瑜.张允随奏稿[A].云南史料丛刊(第8卷)[C].徐文德,木芹纂录校订.昆明:云南大学出版社,2001.
[20]余梦.吴尚贤传略[A].石屏文史资料选辑(第2辑)[C].1989:150-151.
[21]宫中档乾隆朝奏折(第2辑)[M].
[22]施渡桥.晚清军事变革研究[M],北京:军事科学出版社,2003:37.
[23]罗尔纲.湘军新志[M].台北:文海出版杜,1974:80.
[24]王尔敏.淮军志[M].南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2008:16-17.
[25]李桓.国朝耆献类征.卷285[M].
[26]秦国经.中国第一历史档案馆藏清代官员履历档案全编[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1997:91.
[27]高宗实录.卷430[M].乾隆十八年正月甲子.
[28]杨兆钧.云南回族史[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,1989:90.
[29]柏怀思.贵州省志宗教志[M].贵阳:贵州民族出版社,2007:259.
[30]鲁甸县少数民族志[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2005:55.
[31]中国南方回族文化教育资料选编[M].成都:四川民族出版社,2001:287.
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