光纤传感技术——未来地震监测的发展方向
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摘要
利用光纤传感器进行地震前兆观测是一种独具优势的地震监测新手段。光纤传感器具有高精度、抗电磁干扰、不存在零漂、易于组网以及适于长距离传输等一系列独特优势,可以解决地震前兆观测中电学测量仪器存在的固有问题。介绍了几类常用光纤传感器的工作原理及特点,综述了光纤传感器在地壳形变观测和地震波探测两个应用领域国内外的研究进展,并指出了目前需要解决的问题。研制了一套基于光纤传感器的钻孔应变、地震波和地温同时测量的多参量钻孔综合地震观测设备,现场实验表明,该光纤综合钻孔地震观测设备适应地震前兆观测中对抗环境干扰能力、测量精度、稳定性等方面的性能要求,具有较好的应用前景。
Optical fiber sensor is a novel method for earthquake precursor monitoring with many advantages,such as high-precision,anti-electromagnetic interference,no zero drift,the simplicity of establishing network and the flexibility of implementing long distance transmission.Optical fiber sensor can solve the intrinsic defect of electrical measuring instrument for detecting earthquake precursor.The sensing principle and characteristics of several kind of common optical fiber sensor is introduced.The research progress of optical fiber sensor in the applications of the crustal deformation observation and seismic wave detection is summarized.And the existing problems need to be solved is proposed.We developed a set of comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment based on optical fiber sensor,which can detect crustal deformation,seismic wave and earth temperature.Field experiments show that the optical fiber comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment adapts to the performance requirements of resistance to environmental interference ability,measurement accuracy,stability and so on,and have good application prospects.
Optical fiber sensor is a novel method for earthquake precursor monitoring with many advantages,such as high-precision,anti-electromagnetic interference,no zero drift,the simplicity of establishing network and the flexibility of implementing long distance transmission.Optical fiber sensor can solve the intrinsic defect of electrical measuring instrument for detecting earthquake precursor.The sensing principle and characteristics of several kind of common optical fiber sensor is introduced.The research progress of optical fiber sensor in the applications of the crustal deformation observation and seismic wave detection is summarized.And the existing problems need to be solved is proposed.We developed a set of comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment based on optical fiber sensor,which can detect crustal deformation,seismic wave and earth temperature.Field experiments show that the optical fiber comprehensive drilling earthquake observation equipment adapts to the performance requirements of resistance to environmental interference ability,measurement accuracy,stability and so on,and have good application prospects.
引文
[1]张晓东.地震预报科学发展需要新思维和新的观测手段[J].地震,2002,22(2):17-21.
[2]周振安,刘爱英.光纤光栅传感器用于高精度应变测量研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):864-866.
[3]邓涛,廖成旺,丁炜,等.地形变测量中光纤传感新方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):132-136.
[4]刘育梁,何俊,王永杰,等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2009,46(11):21-28.
[5]潘树新,刘耀炜.光纤传感器在水文地球化学地震前兆观测中的应用及其前景[J].国际地震动态,2001,(12):9-14.
[6]王宁波,崔艳.基于磁致伸缩的光纤传感器技术[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(S1):10-19.
[7]刘文义.分布式光纤传感技术在地震监测中的应用探讨[J].国际地震动态,2009,(4):100-101.
[8]崔俊文.观察地震用的光纤应变传感器[J].激光与光电子学进展,1987,(1):44-56.
[9]Zumberge M A,Wyatt F K,Dong X Y et al.Optical fibers for measurement of earth strain[J].AP-PLIED OPTICS,1988,27(19):4 131-4 138.
[10]Sato T,Honda R,Shibata S.Ground strain measuring system using optical fiber sensors[A].Partof the SPIE Conference on Sensory Phenomena and Measurement instrumentation for Smart Stru-tures and Materials[C].1999,3 670:470-479.
[11]Tokunaga T,He Z,Liu Q,et al.Development of an ultra-high-resolution FBG strain sensor and la-boratory experiments to evaluate its performance for application to the rock masses[A].AmericanGeophysical Union,Fall Meeting 2010.
[12]http://gravity.ucsd.edu/research/ofss/safod/index.php.
[13]Gardner D L,Hofler T,Baker S R,et al.A fiber-optic interferometric seismometer[J].J Light-wave Technol,1987,5(7):953-960.
[14]Leary P C,Manov D V,Li Y G.A fiber optical borehole seismometer[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,1990,80:218-225.
[15]Shindo Y,Yoshikawa T,Mikada H,et al.A large scale seismic sensing array on the seafloor withfiber optic accelerometers[J].Sensors,Proceedings of IEEE,2002,2:1 767-1 770.
[16]Ames G H,Maguire J M.Erbium Fiber Laser Accelerometer[J].IEEE Sens J,2007,7(4):557-561.
[17]Fujihashi K,Havsgard G B,Berg A,et al.Development of seafloor seismic and tsunami observationsystem[M].International Symposium on Underwater Technology,2007.349-355.
[18]李学成,刘肃,张文涛.双模片结构光纤光栅地震检波器低频特性的研究[J].光电子.激光,2010,21(4):529-532.
[19]刘文义,程林,郑蕊.地壳形变观测新技术进展[M].西安:地图出版社,2010.
[2]周振安,刘爱英.光纤光栅传感器用于高精度应变测量研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):864-866.
[3]邓涛,廖成旺,丁炜,等.地形变测量中光纤传感新方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):132-136.
[4]刘育梁,何俊,王永杰,等.光纤地震波探测的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2009,46(11):21-28.
[5]潘树新,刘耀炜.光纤传感器在水文地球化学地震前兆观测中的应用及其前景[J].国际地震动态,2001,(12):9-14.
[6]王宁波,崔艳.基于磁致伸缩的光纤传感器技术[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(S1):10-19.
[7]刘文义.分布式光纤传感技术在地震监测中的应用探讨[J].国际地震动态,2009,(4):100-101.
[8]崔俊文.观察地震用的光纤应变传感器[J].激光与光电子学进展,1987,(1):44-56.
[9]Zumberge M A,Wyatt F K,Dong X Y et al.Optical fibers for measurement of earth strain[J].AP-PLIED OPTICS,1988,27(19):4 131-4 138.
[10]Sato T,Honda R,Shibata S.Ground strain measuring system using optical fiber sensors[A].Partof the SPIE Conference on Sensory Phenomena and Measurement instrumentation for Smart Stru-tures and Materials[C].1999,3 670:470-479.
[11]Tokunaga T,He Z,Liu Q,et al.Development of an ultra-high-resolution FBG strain sensor and la-boratory experiments to evaluate its performance for application to the rock masses[A].AmericanGeophysical Union,Fall Meeting 2010.
[12]http://gravity.ucsd.edu/research/ofss/safod/index.php.
[13]Gardner D L,Hofler T,Baker S R,et al.A fiber-optic interferometric seismometer[J].J Light-wave Technol,1987,5(7):953-960.
[14]Leary P C,Manov D V,Li Y G.A fiber optical borehole seismometer[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,1990,80:218-225.
[15]Shindo Y,Yoshikawa T,Mikada H,et al.A large scale seismic sensing array on the seafloor withfiber optic accelerometers[J].Sensors,Proceedings of IEEE,2002,2:1 767-1 770.
[16]Ames G H,Maguire J M.Erbium Fiber Laser Accelerometer[J].IEEE Sens J,2007,7(4):557-561.
[17]Fujihashi K,Havsgard G B,Berg A,et al.Development of seafloor seismic and tsunami observationsystem[M].International Symposium on Underwater Technology,2007.349-355.
[18]李学成,刘肃,张文涛.双模片结构光纤光栅地震检波器低频特性的研究[J].光电子.激光,2010,21(4):529-532.
[19]刘文义,程林,郑蕊.地壳形变观测新技术进展[M].西安:地图出版社,2010.
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