民国时期甘肃地震灾害及赈灾研究——以1920年海原大地震为例
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摘要
1920年12月16日甘肃海原发生了震惊世界的大地震,这场突如其来的灾难给本已贫瘠的甘肃以重创。由于多种因素,这次地震所带来的损失比发生同等强度地震的其它地区损失更为严重。中央政府救灾态度默然,救灾重任让渡于民间,各地方团体及地方绅士相继肩负起救灾重任,积极组织赈灾,使灾后损失降到最低。但一个健康的社会,赈灾需要政府的公共救济与民间的自我救助相结合,不论政府还是公民都应承担起使社会正常有序运行的责任。
On December 16th,1920,a huge earthquake happened in Haiyuan,Gansu.This precipitate disaster badly destroyed the impoverished Gansu province.With so many reasons this earthquake had brought greater losses than the other places with the same earthquake intensity.However,the central government did not pay much attention to this disaster,so the nongovernmental people had to take the burdens about the earthquake relief and reduced the disaster losses to a minimum.But in a healthy society,earthquake relief needs the cooperation of the governmental and nongovernmental work.Government and citizens should take the responsibilities for the normal orderly operation of society.
On December 16th,1920,a huge earthquake happened in Haiyuan,Gansu.This precipitate disaster badly destroyed the impoverished Gansu province.With so many reasons this earthquake had brought greater losses than the other places with the same earthquake intensity.However,the central government did not pay much attention to this disaster,so the nongovernmental people had to take the burdens about the earthquake relief and reduced the disaster losses to a minimum.But in a healthy society,earthquake relief needs the cooperation of the governmental and nongovernmental work.Government and citizens should take the responsibilities for the normal orderly operation of society.
引文
[1]国家地震局兰州地震研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震队.一九二零年海原大地震[Z].北京:地震出版社,1980:1.
[2][22]牛中奇.在山走动的地方[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2006:4.190.
[3][9][13][15]陕甘地震纪略[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
[4]刘百箎等.1920年12月16日海原8.5级大地震的伤亡人口再评估[J].中国地震,2009,(4).
[5][6][7]谢毓寿,蔡美彪主编.中国地震历史资料汇编,第4卷[Z].北京:科学出版社出版,1985:182~184.141.
[8][10][11]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃地区地震资料年表[Z].1979:140.306.304.
[12]国家地震局兰州地震研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震队.一九二零年海原大地震[Z].北京:地震出版社,1980:1.
[14]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1989:172.
[16]王烈.调查甘肃地震之报告[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
[17]申报,1921-3-16.
[18]高继宗.中外人士携手救震灾[J].防灾博览,2003,(6).
[19]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1989:221.
[20]申报,1921-07-02.
[21]字林西报,1921-3-16.
[23]宁夏回族自治区地震局.宁夏回族自治区—地震历史资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1988:91.
[24]甘肃省地方文献征集委员会.辛壬赈灾记[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
[2][22]牛中奇.在山走动的地方[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2006:4.190.
[3][9][13][15]陕甘地震纪略[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
[4]刘百箎等.1920年12月16日海原8.5级大地震的伤亡人口再评估[J].中国地震,2009,(4).
[5][6][7]谢毓寿,蔡美彪主编.中国地震历史资料汇编,第4卷[Z].北京:科学出版社出版,1985:182~184.141.
[8][10][11]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃地区地震资料年表[Z].1979:140.306.304.
[12]国家地震局兰州地震研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震队.一九二零年海原大地震[Z].北京:地震出版社,1980:1.
[14]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1989:172.
[16]王烈.调查甘肃地震之报告[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
[17]申报,1921-3-16.
[18]高继宗.中外人士携手救震灾[J].防灾博览,2003,(6).
[19]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1989:221.
[20]申报,1921-07-02.
[21]字林西报,1921-3-16.
[23]宁夏回族自治区地震局.宁夏回族自治区—地震历史资料汇编[Z].北京:地震出版社,1988:91.
[24]甘肃省地方文献征集委员会.辛壬赈灾记[Z].甘肃省图书馆西北文献室.
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