珠江口盆地大型丘状地质体地震相分析及地质解释
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摘要
珠江口盆地白云凹陷叠前深度偏移三维地震资料揭示了6个位于mfs18.5之上约250m处的大型丘状构造,这些丘状地质体最显著的特征为剖面上不对称的丘形和平面上不规则的椭圆形态。丘状体底座直径为826~3 542m,最大高度可达403m,规模最大的丘状体体积可达0.53 km~3。这些丘状地质体与国外报道的丘状砂岩侵入体有着相似的地震反射特征,在符合SEG标准的零相位正常极性地震资料中,其顶面和底面分别响应于连续性较好的中-强振幅正向和负向反射同相轴,其核部以杂乱反射为主要特征,与围岩地层平行-亚平行的席状反射相比具有明显差异;且丘状体内部速度较围岩地层速度高,综合分析判断为砂岩侵入体。该沉积体具有良好的生储盖组合条件,具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。
Three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration seismic data reveal that there exist six large-scale mounded structures at approximately 250 m above MFS18.5 in the Baiyun sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin.The mounds are most distinctive for their asymmetric mounded shape in the section and the irregular oval shape in the plan view.The mounds have the base diameter widely ranging from 826 to 3 542 m,with the maximum height of 403 m and the largest volume of approximately 0.53 km3.The mounds in Baiyun sag have similar seismic reflection characteristics as the mounded sand intrusions reported previously in other countries.The seismic data of zero phases with SEG normal polarity indicate that the top and base of the mounds mainly respond to continuous,medium- to high-amplitude,positive and negative reflection events;the core of mounds is dominated by incoherent and chaotic reflections that are greatly different from sheet-like reflections(sub)-parallel to the surrounding rock formations,and velocity of the core is relatively higher than that of the surrounding rock formations.As a result,the mounds are comprehensively interpreted as sand intrusions;these sedimentary bodies are favorable source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages with great potential for oil and gas exploration.
Three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration seismic data reveal that there exist six large-scale mounded structures at approximately 250 m above MFS18.5 in the Baiyun sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin.The mounds are most distinctive for their asymmetric mounded shape in the section and the irregular oval shape in the plan view.The mounds have the base diameter widely ranging from 826 to 3 542 m,with the maximum height of 403 m and the largest volume of approximately 0.53 km3.The mounds in Baiyun sag have similar seismic reflection characteristics as the mounded sand intrusions reported previously in other countries.The seismic data of zero phases with SEG normal polarity indicate that the top and base of the mounds mainly respond to continuous,medium- to high-amplitude,positive and negative reflection events;the core of mounds is dominated by incoherent and chaotic reflections that are greatly different from sheet-like reflections(sub)-parallel to the surrounding rock formations,and velocity of the core is relatively higher than that of the surrounding rock formations.As a result,the mounds are comprehensively interpreted as sand intrusions;these sedimentary bodies are favorable source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages with great potential for oil and gas exploration.
引文
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[15]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世-中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[16]朱志澄,曾佐勋,樊光明,等.构造地质学(第三版)[M].湖北:中国地质大学出版社,2008:86—87.Zhu Zhicheng,Zeng Zuoxun,Fan Guangming,et al.Structural geology 3rd ed.[M].Hubei:China University of Geosciences Press,2008:86-87.
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[18]李国发,廖前进,王尚旭,等.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油物探,2008,47(2):145—149.Li Guofa,Liao Qianjing,Wang Shangxu,et al.Discussions about horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(2):145-149.
[19]李国发,常德双,李皓,等.基于叠前波场模拟的火成岩地震反射特征分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):536—539.Li Guofa,Chang Deshuang,Li Hao,et al.Analysis of reflection characteristics of volcanic rock by using prestack wavefield simulation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(6):536-539.
[20]Li Guofa,Xiong Jinliang,Zhou Hui,et al.Seismic reflection characteristics of fluvial sand and shale interbpdded layers[J].Applied Geophysics,2008,5(3):219-229.
[21]Li Guofa,Cao Mingqiang,Zhou Hui.Effects of near-surface absorption on reflection characteristics of continental interbedded strata:the Dagang oilfield as an example[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(5):1306-1314.
[22]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区沉积充填演化及控制因素分析[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(1):19—25.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.An analysis of depositional evolution and its controls in Baiyun deep-water area.Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(l):19-25.
[23]黄捍东,曹学虎,罗群.地震沉积学在生物礁滩预测中的应用——以川东褶皱带建南-龙驹坝地区为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):629—636.Huang Handong,Cao Xuehu,Luo Qun.An application of seismic sedimentology in predicting organic reefs and banks:A case study on the Jiannan-Longjuba region of the eastern Sichuan fold belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):629-636.
[24]殷积峰,李军,谢芬,等.川东二叠系生物礁油气藏的地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):70-75.Yin Jifeng,Li Jun,Xie Fen,et al.Seismic exploration technology of Permian biohermal reservoir in eastern Sichuan area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1):70-75.
[25]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587—591.Guo Jianyu,Ma Pengshan,Hu Pingzhong,et al.Identification of reefs by seismic-geologic interpretation approach[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):587-591.
[26]余一欣,周心怀,汤良杰,等.渤海海域莱州湾凹陷KL11-2地区盐构造特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):731—737.Yu Yixin,Zhou Xinhuai,Tang Liangjie,et al.Salt strutural features in KL11-2 area of the Laizhouwan depression,offshore Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):731-737.
[27]邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造运动学特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(5):476—483.Wu Guanghui,Wang Zhaoming,Liu Yukui,et al.Kinematics characteristics of the Kuqa depression in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2004,50(5):476-483.
[28]周心怀,余一欣,汤良杰,等.渤海地区底辟构造及其油气地质意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):518—521.Zhou Xinhuai,Yu Yixin,Tang Liangjie,et al.Diapir structures and their significances on hydrocarbon accumulation in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):518-521.
[29]Hurst A,Cartwright J.Relevance of sand injectites to hydrocarbon exploration and production[G]//Hurst A,Cartwright J.Sand injectites:Implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production.AAPG Memoir 87,2007:1-19.
[30]傅宁,邓运华,张功成,等.南海北部叠合断陷盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩及成藏贡献——以珠Ⅱ坳陷白云凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):559—565.Fu Ning,Deng Yunhua,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Transitional source rock and its contribution to hydrocarbon accumulation in superimpose rift subsidence basin of northern South China Sea:taking Baiyun Sag of ZhuⅡDepression as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):559-565.
[2]Nielsen L,Boldreel L O,Vindum J.GPR and marine seismic imaging of carbonate mound structures in Denmark and southwest Sweden[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(9),872-875.
[3]Jennette D C,Garfield T R,Mohrig D Cet al.The interaction of shelf accommodation,sediment supply and sea level in controlling the facies,architecture and sequence stacking patterns of the Tay and Forties/Sele basin-floor fans,central North Sea[G]//Weimer P,Slatt R M,Coleman J,et al.Deep-water Reservoirs of the World.GCSSEPM Foundation,20th Annual Conference,Houston,2000:402-421.
[4]Frey-Martinez J,Cartwright J,Hall B,et al.Clastic intrusion at the base of deep-water sands:A trap-forming mechanism in the eastern Mediterranean[G]//Hurst A,Cartwright J.Sand injectites:Implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production.AAPG Memoir 87,2007:49-63.
[5]Andresen K J,Clausen O R,Huuse M.A giant(5.3×10~7m~3)middle Miocene(c.15 Ma)sediment mound(M1)above the Siri Canyon,Norwegian-Danish Basin:Origin and significance[J],Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(8):1640-1655.
[6]Jonk R,Hurst A,Duranti D,et al.Origin and timing of sand injection,petroleum migration,and diagenesis in Tertiary reservoirs,south Viking Graben,North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(3):329-357.
[7]Shanmugam G,Shrivastava S K,Das B.Sandy debrites and tidalites of Pliocene reservoir sands in upper-slope canyon environments,offshore Krishna-Godavari Basin(India):implications[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2009,79(9):736-756.
[8]Chi Guoxiang,Xue Chunji,Lai Jianqing,et al.Sand injection and liquefaction structures in the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit,Yunnan,China:indicators of an overpressured fluid system and implications for mineralization[J].Economic Geology,2007,102(4):739-743.
[9]Hurst A,Cartwright J A,Duranti D.Fluidization structures produced by upward injection of sand through a sealing lithology[G]//Van Rensbergen P,Hillis R R,Maltman A J,et al.Subsurface sediment mobilization,Geological Society(London)Special Publication 216,2003:123-138.
[10]Lonergan L,Lee N,Johnson H D,et al.Remobilization and injection in deepwater depositional systems:Implications for reservoir architecture and prediction[G]//Weimer P,Slatt R M,Coleman J,et al.Deep-water Reservoirs of the World.GCSSEPM Foundation,20th Annual Conference,Houston,2000:515-532.
[11]Duranti D,Hurst A,Bell Cet al.Injected and remobilized Eocene sandstone from the Alba Field,UKCS:core and wireline log characteristics[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2002,8(2):99-107.
[12]Guargena C G,Smith G B,Wardell J,et al.Sandstone injections at Jotun oil field,Norwegian North Sea—Modeling their possible effect on hydrocarbon recovery[G]//Hurst A,Cartwright J.Sand injectites:Implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production.AAPG Memoir 87,2007:81-89.
[13]张昌民,张尚锋,朱锐,等.珠江口盆地砂岩侵入体的识别特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):188—194.Zhang Changmin,Zhang Shangfeng,Zhu Rui,et al.Recognition criteria for sand injectites in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and their significance in petroleum geology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):188-194.
[14]孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):489—498.Sun Zhen,Pang Xiong,Zhong Zhihong,et al.Dynamics of Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):489-498.
[15]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世-中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the Oligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-water area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[16]朱志澄,曾佐勋,樊光明,等.构造地质学(第三版)[M].湖北:中国地质大学出版社,2008:86—87.Zhu Zhicheng,Zeng Zuoxun,Fan Guangming,et al.Structural geology 3rd ed.[M].Hubei:China University of Geosciences Press,2008:86-87.
[17]Loseth H,Wensaas L,Arntsen B,et al.Gas and fluid injection triggering shallow mud mobilization in the Hordaland Group,North Sea[G]//Van Rensbergen P,Hillis R R,Maltman A J,et al.Subsurface sediment mobilization,Geological Society(London)Special Publication 216,2003:139-157.
[18]李国发,廖前进,王尚旭,等.合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨[J].石油物探,2008,47(2):145—149.Li Guofa,Liao Qianjing,Wang Shangxu,et al.Discussions about horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(2):145-149.
[19]李国发,常德双,李皓,等.基于叠前波场模拟的火成岩地震反射特征分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):536—539.Li Guofa,Chang Deshuang,Li Hao,et al.Analysis of reflection characteristics of volcanic rock by using prestack wavefield simulation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(6):536-539.
[20]Li Guofa,Xiong Jinliang,Zhou Hui,et al.Seismic reflection characteristics of fluvial sand and shale interbpdded layers[J].Applied Geophysics,2008,5(3):219-229.
[21]Li Guofa,Cao Mingqiang,Zhou Hui.Effects of near-surface absorption on reflection characteristics of continental interbedded strata:the Dagang oilfield as an example[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(5):1306-1314.
[22]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区沉积充填演化及控制因素分析[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(1):19—25.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.An analysis of depositional evolution and its controls in Baiyun deep-water area.Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(l):19-25.
[23]黄捍东,曹学虎,罗群.地震沉积学在生物礁滩预测中的应用——以川东褶皱带建南-龙驹坝地区为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):629—636.Huang Handong,Cao Xuehu,Luo Qun.An application of seismic sedimentology in predicting organic reefs and banks:A case study on the Jiannan-Longjuba region of the eastern Sichuan fold belt[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):629-636.
[24]殷积峰,李军,谢芬,等.川东二叠系生物礁油气藏的地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):70-75.Yin Jifeng,Li Jun,Xie Fen,et al.Seismic exploration technology of Permian biohermal reservoir in eastern Sichuan area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1):70-75.
[25]郭建宇,马朋善,胡平忠,等.地震-地质方法识别生物礁[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):587—591.Guo Jianyu,Ma Pengshan,Hu Pingzhong,et al.Identification of reefs by seismic-geologic interpretation approach[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):587-591.
[26]余一欣,周心怀,汤良杰,等.渤海海域莱州湾凹陷KL11-2地区盐构造特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):731—737.Yu Yixin,Zhou Xinhuai,Tang Liangjie,et al.Salt strutural features in KL11-2 area of the Laizhouwan depression,offshore Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):731-737.
[27]邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造运动学特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(5):476—483.Wu Guanghui,Wang Zhaoming,Liu Yukui,et al.Kinematics characteristics of the Kuqa depression in the Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2004,50(5):476-483.
[28]周心怀,余一欣,汤良杰,等.渤海地区底辟构造及其油气地质意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):518—521.Zhou Xinhuai,Yu Yixin,Tang Liangjie,et al.Diapir structures and their significances on hydrocarbon accumulation in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):518-521.
[29]Hurst A,Cartwright J.Relevance of sand injectites to hydrocarbon exploration and production[G]//Hurst A,Cartwright J.Sand injectites:Implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production.AAPG Memoir 87,2007:1-19.
[30]傅宁,邓运华,张功成,等.南海北部叠合断陷盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩及成藏贡献——以珠Ⅱ坳陷白云凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):559—565.Fu Ning,Deng Yunhua,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Transitional source rock and its contribution to hydrocarbon accumulation in superimpose rift subsidence basin of northern South China Sea:taking Baiyun Sag of ZhuⅡDepression as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):559-565.
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