近20年中国海洋灾害特征、危害及防治对策
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摘要
利用1989—2007年沿海地区的海洋灾害资料,按照海洋气象灾害、海洋水文灾害、海洋地质灾害、海洋生态灾害四种类型,分析了中国沿海地区海洋灾害特征及其危害。结果表明,中国海洋灾害特征主要表现为风暴潮影响范围广,灾情严重;近海污染日益加重,赤潮灾害有所上升;大型海洋溢油事件有上升趋势,形势严峻;海啸灾害发生次数少,但闽、台地区地震海啸灾害潜在危险极大。最后,提出了相应的防治对策:一是加强对海洋灾害的研究和预报,建立和完善海洋灾害预报服务系统;二是加强海岸带防护工程建设,提高防灾标准;三是积极开展防灾减灾宣传工作,促进防灾工程建设;四是加强和完善海岸带综合管理体制,减少人为海洋灾害的发生。
Based on the 1989—2007 data, the marine disasters characteristics and their damage are analyzed according to the 4 kinds of disasters: marine meteorological disaster, marine hydrological disaster, marine geological disaster and marine ecological disaster. the results indicate that the characteristics of marine disaster in China mainly are the broad incidence of storm tide, the severity of damage, the increasing offshore pollution, the red tides, the sea oil spill events and the bigger potential dangers of earthquake and tsunami in Fujian and Taiwan area though they happen infrequently. Suggestions are as follows:(1) strengthening the research on the characteristics of the marine disaster and developing marine disasters forecast system;(2) constructing defence systems in the coastal zone and advancing the standard of disaster prevention;(3) expanding propaganda of disaster prevention and reduction and promoting the development of disaster prevention projects;(4) strengthening the management to reduce man-made marine disasters.
Based on the 1989—2007 data, the marine disasters characteristics and their damage are analyzed according to the 4 kinds of disasters: marine meteorological disaster, marine hydrological disaster, marine geological disaster and marine ecological disaster. the results indicate that the characteristics of marine disaster in China mainly are the broad incidence of storm tide, the severity of damage, the increasing offshore pollution, the red tides, the sea oil spill events and the bigger potential dangers of earthquake and tsunami in Fujian and Taiwan area though they happen infrequently. Suggestions are as follows:(1) strengthening the research on the characteristics of the marine disaster and developing marine disasters forecast system;(2) constructing defence systems in the coastal zone and advancing the standard of disaster prevention;(3) expanding propaganda of disaster prevention and reduction and promoting the development of disaster prevention projects;(4) strengthening the management to reduce man-made marine disasters.
引文
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[12]戴亚南,张鹰.江苏沿海地区海洋灾害类型及其防治探讨[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1417-1420.
[2]杨华庭.近十年来的海洋灾害与减灾[J].海洋预报,2002,19(1):2-8.
[3]国家海洋局.中国海洋灾害公报(1989—2007)[M/OL].[2008-08-02].http://www.coi.gov.cn/hygb/index.html.
[4]孙洪.我国海洋灾害及防灾策略[J].海洋通报,1993,12(6):71-74.
[5]王爱军.近年来我国海洋灾害损失及防灾减灾策略[J].江苏地质,2005,29(2):98-101.
[6]张振克,丁海燕.近十年来中国大陆沿海地区重大海洋灾害分析[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(7):25-27.
[7]张家诚.中国气象、洪涝、海洋灾害[M].第一版.北京:气象出版社,1998.
[8]叶涛,郭卫平,史培军.1990年以来中国海洋灾害系统风险特征分析及其综合风险管理[J].自然灾害学报,2005,4(6):65-70.
[9]于保华,李宜良,姜丽.21世纪中国城市海洋灾害防御战略研究[J].华南地震,2006,21(1):67-75.
[10]包澄澜.海洋灾害及预报[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
[11]陈洪全,张忍顺.我国的海洋灾害及其防治[J].中学地理教学参考,2005,(4):4-5.
[12]戴亚南,张鹰.江苏沿海地区海洋灾害类型及其防治探讨[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1417-1420.
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