从日本福岛事件看核电站危机应对机制的建构
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摘要
2011年3月11日,日本东北部宫城县以东太平洋海域发生里氏9.0级地震,引发巨大海啸,福岛核电站1、2、3、4号机组接连发生事故,如果说地震和海啸引起了人们关注的眼光,那么更加让全世界震惊的则是福岛核电站的爆炸。本应在自然环境中"雷打不动"的核电站,为何会出现可怕的核泄漏?福岛事件给日本民众乃至全世界带来了怎样的灾难,对整个核电产业的发展又带来了怎样的影响?在出现核电站危机时,人们该怎样去应对?本文重点分析核电站危机应对机制的基本原则以及相应的制度安排。
On March 11,2011,a magnitude 9.0 degree earthquake occurred in the Pacific waters of northeastern of Japan GongCheng County which also led to huge tsunami,and therefore there were continuous accidents in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 1,2,3 and 4 Units.If the earthquake and tsunami caused people's attention,what made the whole world more shocked was the explosions of the Fukushima nuclear power station.Why did Nuclear leakage happened at Nuclear power stations which should have not been altered under any circumstances? What disasters did fukushima island event bring to the Japanese public and the whole world,and even to the developmentof the nuclear power industry? In the crisis of nuclear power plants,what should people deal with? This paper focuses on the analysis of basic principle and the corresponding system arrangement of the nuclear crisis response mechanism.
On March 11,2011,a magnitude 9.0 degree earthquake occurred in the Pacific waters of northeastern of Japan GongCheng County which also led to huge tsunami,and therefore there were continuous accidents in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 1,2,3 and 4 Units.If the earthquake and tsunami caused people's attention,what made the whole world more shocked was the explosions of the Fukushima nuclear power station.Why did Nuclear leakage happened at Nuclear power stations which should have not been altered under any circumstances? What disasters did fukushima island event bring to the Japanese public and the whole world,and even to the developmentof the nuclear power industry? In the crisis of nuclear power plants,what should people deal with? This paper focuses on the analysis of basic principle and the corresponding system arrangement of the nuclear crisis response mechanism.
引文
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[2]冯武勇.日本福岛200万民众将接受辐射调查[N].环球时报,2011-06-11.
[3]张红芹.日本五月自杀率高升[N].环球时报,2011-06-19.
[4]张英振,学习《核动力厂运行安全规定》的体会[J].核安全,2005,(1):11-18.
[5]国际原子能机构.国际核事件分级(INES)使用手册[R].维也纳,2001.
[6]中华人民共和国民用核设施安全监督管理条例,1986.
[7]张英振.核电厂若干核安全管理问题的探讨[J].核安全,2005,(4):7-13.
[8]编委会.核安全专业实务[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004.57.
[9]张会清,王剑.动态拨备制度的实践及对中国的启示[J].上海金融,2010,(12):26-31.
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