震后土壤Cu Zn分布特征及影响因素研究
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摘要
研究5·12汶川地震后土壤Cu、Zn空间分布特征及影响因素,其结果对指导灾后农业生产和居民生活恢复,以及保障新型农村居民点的生态安全性具有十分重要的现实意义。以典型地震灾区彭州市新黄村为例,采用常规重金属测定方法,并用GIS研究了5·12汶川地震后土壤Cu、Zn空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明,在水平方向上Cu含量([38.23±15.21)mg·kg-1]自中东部-北部和中东部-南部逐渐增加;Zn含量([109.01±29.68)mg·kg-1]从北到南先减少后增加,从东到西表现为先增加后减少;虽然两者均未超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准,但地震后帐篷安置点、生活垃圾堆放点、房屋倒塌点土壤Cu、Zn含量明显高于未受地震影响处;在垂直方向上,帐篷压实水田土壤耕作层和犁底层Cu、Zn含量大多高于自然水田,心土层和底土层二者含量差异不明显。影响因素分析结果表明,不同土地利用类型中水田和荒地土壤Cu含量显著高于旱地土壤,水田土壤Zn含量显著高于荒地和旱地土壤;有机质含量与Cu、Zn含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.639**和r=0.561**;Cu含量与pH呈显著正相关(r=0.459*),Zn含量与pH相关性不强(r=0.380);人类活动对土壤中Cu、Zn含量有一定影响。
There is great practical significance that study of soil Cu,Zn spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake,Because the results can be to guide recovery of agricultural production and living after disaster,as well as to protect the ecological safety of new rural settlements.The paper studied the distributed characteristics and influencing factors of Cu,Zn in the soil in a typical earthquake-stricken area named new Huangcun Pengzhou City.The results showed that:Cu contents(38.23 ± 15.21)mg·kg-1 took a gradual increase from the middle east to the north and the middle east to the south in the horizontal direction;Zn contents(109.01 ± 29.68) mg·kg-1 reduced at first and then increased from north to south,while conducted differently from east to west.Both Cu and Zn did not exceed the soil environmental quality second-level standards.However,Cu,Zn contents in the soil under tent settlements after the earthquake,living garbage dumps and the housing collapse were significantly higher than the soil where were not affected by the earthquake.In the vertical direction,Cu,Zn contents in paddy field under tents were mostly higher than the natural paddy field on plow layer and plow pan layer,but other two layers had not obvious differences between the two fields.The influencing factors indicated that:Cu contents of paddy fields and wasteland were significantly higher than that of dry land in the different soil types,and Zn contents of paddy soil were significantly higher than the wasteland and dry land;The correlation coefficients of organic matter contents and the Cu,Zn contents were r=0.639 and r=0.561,which took a highly significant positive correlation;Cu contents and pH took a significant positive correlation(r= 0.459 ),and the correlation coefficient of Zn contents and pH was 0.380;The human activities had a certain impact on Cu,Zn contents in the studied area.
There is great practical significance that study of soil Cu,Zn spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors after 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake,Because the results can be to guide recovery of agricultural production and living after disaster,as well as to protect the ecological safety of new rural settlements.The paper studied the distributed characteristics and influencing factors of Cu,Zn in the soil in a typical earthquake-stricken area named new Huangcun Pengzhou City.The results showed that:Cu contents(38.23 ± 15.21)mg·kg-1 took a gradual increase from the middle east to the north and the middle east to the south in the horizontal direction;Zn contents(109.01 ± 29.68) mg·kg-1 reduced at first and then increased from north to south,while conducted differently from east to west.Both Cu and Zn did not exceed the soil environmental quality second-level standards.However,Cu,Zn contents in the soil under tent settlements after the earthquake,living garbage dumps and the housing collapse were significantly higher than the soil where were not affected by the earthquake.In the vertical direction,Cu,Zn contents in paddy field under tents were mostly higher than the natural paddy field on plow layer and plow pan layer,but other two layers had not obvious differences between the two fields.The influencing factors indicated that:Cu contents of paddy fields and wasteland were significantly higher than that of dry land in the different soil types,and Zn contents of paddy soil were significantly higher than the wasteland and dry land;The correlation coefficients of organic matter contents and the Cu,Zn contents were r=0.639 and r=0.561,which took a highly significant positive correlation;Cu contents and pH took a significant positive correlation(r= 0.459 ),and the correlation coefficient of Zn contents and pH was 0.380;The human activities had a certain impact on Cu,Zn contents in the studied area.
引文
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[13]张乃明,陈建军,常晓冰.污灌区土壤重金属累积影响因素研究[J].土壤,2002,34(2):90-93.ZHANG Nai-ming,CHEN Jian-jun,CHANG Xiao-bing.Study about influence factors of soil heavy metal accumulation after sewage irriga-tion[J].Soil,2002,34(2):90-93.
[14]秦明周,成金环,董庆超,等.化学工业污水灌溉对土壤中砷的分布影响-以开封市化肥河为例[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):436-440.QIN Ming-zhou,CHENG Jin-huan,DONG Qing-chao,et al.Impact of chemical sewage irrigation on arsenic content in soils:A case study on Huafei River,Kaifeng[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,39(3):436-440.
[15]Lipiec J,St誰pniewski W.Effects of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1995,35:37-52.
[16]黄治平,徐斌.规模化猪场废水污灌农田的土壤Zn和Cu空间变异分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):126-132.HUANG Zhi-ping,XU Bin.Spatial variability of Zinc and Copper in farmland soil irrigated with swine wastewater[J].Journal of Agro-Envi-ronment Science,2008,27(1):126-132.
[17]Long Cang,Wang Yu-jun,Zhou Dong-mei,et al.Heavy metals pollu-tion in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2004,16(3):371-374.
[18]游金明,翟明仁,张宏福.猪饲料中必需微量元素的盈缺对养猪生产的影响[J].中国饲料,2003(8):16-17.YOU Jin-ming,ZHAI Ming-ren,ZHANG Hong-fu.Effects of neces-sary trace elements in pig feed on pig production[J].China Feed,2003(8):16-17.
[19]Eneji A Egrinya,Honna T,Yamamoto S.Manuring effect on rice grain yield and extractable trace elements in soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutri-tion,2001,24(7):967-977.
[20]Moreno-Caselles Joaqul′n,Raul Moral,Maria Dolores Perez-Murcia,et al.Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn input and availability in calcareous soils a-mended with the solid phase of pig slurry[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005,36:525-534.
[21]Bolan Nanthi S,Domy C Adriano,Santiago Mahimairaja.Distribution and bioavailabitity of trace elements in livestock and poultry manure by-products[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,34:291-338.
[22]黄琳,蔡鲁晟,贾莹.我国环境中有害重金属的来源与分布及防治对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7):189-191.HUANG Lin,CAI Lu-sheng,JIA Ying.The source and distribution of and precaution countermeasures for the harmful heavy metal in Chinese environment[J].Sci-tech Information Development&Economy,2007,17(7):189-191.
[2]宋旭光,庞明川,王晓玲,等.汶川地震灾害对中国经济影响的分析与评价[J].财经问题研究,2008(8):3-10.SONG Xu-guang,PANG Ming-chuan,WANG Xiao-ling,et al.Analy-sis and evaluation of Wenchuan earthquake′s impacts on China's eco-nomic[J].Research of Financial Problems,2008(8):3-10.
[3]刘世梁,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.我国土壤质量及其评价研究的进展[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):137-143.LIU Shi-liang,FU Bo-jie,LIU Guo-hua,et al.Research review of quantitative evaluation of soil quality on China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(1):137-143.
[4]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2005.BAO Shi-dan.Method of soil analysis and agricultural chemical analy-sis(3rd edition)[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[5]曾昭华.四川省土壤元素含量和生态农业地质研究[J].四川地质学报,2005,25(1):44-50.ZENG Zhao-hua.A study of elemental contents in soil and ecologic and agriculture geology in Sichuan[J].Sichuan geological journals,2005,25(1):44-50.
[6]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB15618—1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:测绘出版社,1995.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People′s Republic of China,General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quaran-tine of the People′s Republic of China.GB15618—1995Quality stan-dards of soil environment[S].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,1995.
[7]吴聿铭.环境统计学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1991.WU Yu-ming.Environmental statistics[M].Beijing:China Environmen-tal Science Press,1991.
[8]Cambardella C A,Moorman T B,Novak J M,et al.Field-scale variabili-ty of soil properties in central Lowa soils[J].Soil Science Society of America,1994,58:1501-1511.
[9]毛竹,张世熔,李婷,等.铅锌矿区土壤重金属空间变异及其污染风险评价──以四川汉源富泉铅锌矿山为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):1-5.MAO Zhu,ZHANG Shi-rong,LI Ting,et al.Spatial variability and en-vironmental pollution assessment of soil heavy metal in the vicinity of a Lead/Zine mine:A case study from fuquan Lead/Zine mine in Hanyuan county[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(2):1-5.
[10]Webster R,Oliver M A Stat.Methods in soil and land resource survey[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1990.
[11]李春艳,田永圻,华德尊,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤特性及重金属评价[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(9):39-73.LI Chun-yan,TIAN Yong-qi,HUA De-zun,et al.Soil characteristic and heavy metal appraisal under different land utilization way[J].Envi-ronmental Science and Management,2007,32(9):39-73.
[12]周建民,党志,司徒粤,等.大宝山矿区周围土壤重金属污染分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(6):1172-1176.ZHOU Jian-min,DANG Zhi,SITU Yue,et al.Distribution and charac-teristics of heavy metals contaminations in soils from Dabaoshan mine area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(6):1172-1176.
[13]张乃明,陈建军,常晓冰.污灌区土壤重金属累积影响因素研究[J].土壤,2002,34(2):90-93.ZHANG Nai-ming,CHEN Jian-jun,CHANG Xiao-bing.Study about influence factors of soil heavy metal accumulation after sewage irriga-tion[J].Soil,2002,34(2):90-93.
[14]秦明周,成金环,董庆超,等.化学工业污水灌溉对土壤中砷的分布影响-以开封市化肥河为例[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):436-440.QIN Ming-zhou,CHENG Jin-huan,DONG Qing-chao,et al.Impact of chemical sewage irrigation on arsenic content in soils:A case study on Huafei River,Kaifeng[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,39(3):436-440.
[15]Lipiec J,St誰pniewski W.Effects of soil compaction and tillage systems on uptake and losses of nutrients[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1995,35:37-52.
[16]黄治平,徐斌.规模化猪场废水污灌农田的土壤Zn和Cu空间变异分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(1):126-132.HUANG Zhi-ping,XU Bin.Spatial variability of Zinc and Copper in farmland soil irrigated with swine wastewater[J].Journal of Agro-Envi-ronment Science,2008,27(1):126-132.
[17]Long Cang,Wang Yu-jun,Zhou Dong-mei,et al.Heavy metals pollu-tion in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2004,16(3):371-374.
[18]游金明,翟明仁,张宏福.猪饲料中必需微量元素的盈缺对养猪生产的影响[J].中国饲料,2003(8):16-17.YOU Jin-ming,ZHAI Ming-ren,ZHANG Hong-fu.Effects of neces-sary trace elements in pig feed on pig production[J].China Feed,2003(8):16-17.
[19]Eneji A Egrinya,Honna T,Yamamoto S.Manuring effect on rice grain yield and extractable trace elements in soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutri-tion,2001,24(7):967-977.
[20]Moreno-Caselles Joaqul′n,Raul Moral,Maria Dolores Perez-Murcia,et al.Fe,Cu,Mn and Zn input and availability in calcareous soils a-mended with the solid phase of pig slurry[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2005,36:525-534.
[21]Bolan Nanthi S,Domy C Adriano,Santiago Mahimairaja.Distribution and bioavailabitity of trace elements in livestock and poultry manure by-products[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,34:291-338.
[22]黄琳,蔡鲁晟,贾莹.我国环境中有害重金属的来源与分布及防治对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7):189-191.HUANG Lin,CAI Lu-sheng,JIA Ying.The source and distribution of and precaution countermeasures for the harmful heavy metal in Chinese environment[J].Sci-tech Information Development&Economy,2007,17(7):189-191.
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