地震、台风对集水区景观生态的影响(英文)
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摘要
由于人类的或者自然的干扰改变,景观在不同异质性土地由各种大小、形状和空间的关系中重复的相互作用,形成生态系统的组成。评估景观的转变能够理解由干扰影响生态系统的过程。因此,使用适当地图影像技术和生态定量的方法在不同干扰情形下评价估景观之变化与趋势就显得十分重要。计算景观生态指标及不同土地利用面积之变化,可以更了解此区域生态系统的特征与内涵。试验研究地区之陈有兰溪集水区,位于台湾的中央,是台湾唯一不靠海之县市,同时也是历年地震和台风等灾害受创最严重之地区,也是土壤冲蚀(土、泥石流)的敏感性地区。此研究着重于自然灾害如何影响景观型态及其变迁模式与未来研究之对策与方向。本研究透过遥感探测技术,选取不同时期之台风和地震干扰前后之景观变迁情形,经由景观生态之计算指标与多变量统计,来了解这些天然灾害对集水区生态之影响与河川上中下游,其景观型态之变化差异。希望藉由此评估景观变迁之模式,提供有关集水区生态经营与景观健康度之合理监测的参考依据。
The landscape,being changed as a result of anthropological or natural disturbance,is a heterogeneous land areacomposed of cluster of interacting ecosystemthat is repeated in various sizes,shape,and spatial relationships.Evaluating thetransition of landscape can understandthat ecosystemprocesses are beinginfluenced by disturbance.Forthis reason,it is essentialthat using appropriate mapping techniques and quantitative methods to assess landscape condition within different disturbanceregimes.Landscape metrics were calculatedfor segmented areas of homogeneousland use in watershedto allowunderstanding andcharacterization of ecosystem.The Chen-Yu-Lan watershed,locatedinthe central of Taiwan,is a sensitivity areafor disaster suchas earthquakes and typhoons.In this study we focus on howthe natural disaster affect landscape pattern.The remote sensingtechnology has great potential for acquiring the detailed and accurate land use information for management and planning ofwatershed.Hence,we choice four time series SPOTimages to evaluate the influence for watershed by earthquakes andtyphoons.The study shows that landscape metrics can measure the effect of typhoon and earthquake disturbance regime.The analysis showsthat evaluatinglandscape transition can contribute more detailedinformationfor managing management and monitoring.
The landscape,being changed as a result of anthropological or natural disturbance,is a heterogeneous land areacomposed of cluster of interacting ecosystemthat is repeated in various sizes,shape,and spatial relationships.Evaluating thetransition of landscape can understandthat ecosystemprocesses are beinginfluenced by disturbance.Forthis reason,it is essentialthat using appropriate mapping techniques and quantitative methods to assess landscape condition within different disturbanceregimes.Landscape metrics were calculatedfor segmented areas of homogeneousland use in watershedto allowunderstanding andcharacterization of ecosystem.The Chen-Yu-Lan watershed,locatedinthe central of Taiwan,is a sensitivity areafor disaster suchas earthquakes and typhoons.In this study we focus on howthe natural disaster affect landscape pattern.The remote sensingtechnology has great potential for acquiring the detailed and accurate land use information for management and planning ofwatershed.Hence,we choice four time series SPOTimages to evaluate the influence for watershed by earthquakes andtyphoons.The study shows that landscape metrics can measure the effect of typhoon and earthquake disturbance regime.The analysis showsthat evaluatinglandscape transition can contribute more detailedinformationfor managing management and monitoring.
引文
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[13]Cheng,J.D.,Y.C.Huang,H.L.Wu,et al.Hydrometeorologicalandlanduse attributes of debrisflows and debrisfloods duringtyphoonToraji,July 29~30,2001 in central Taiwan[J].2005,Journal ofHydrology,306:161~173.
[14]Chu,D.B.,J.P.Stewart,S.Lee,et al.Documentation of soilconditions at liquefaction and non-liquefaction sites from1999 Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].2004,Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,24:647~657.
[2]O’Neill,R.V.,Hunsaker C.T.,Timmins S.P.,et al.Scaleproblems in reportinglandscape pattern at regional scale[J].1996,Landscape Ecology,11:169~180.
[3]Chang Chun-Pin,Deng-Po Deng.Evaluating the Forest LandscapePattern Change by Natural Disturbance:ACase Study of Chen-Yu-LanWatershedin Taiwan[C].2005,Map Asia 2005 Conference,P.213~223.
[4]Chang C.P.,Lin S.H.&Chen Y.C.Discussion of Trend forEnvironment Degradation and Management Control on MudstoneSlopeland in Taiwan[C].2003,International Conference on SlopeEngineering,p.864~971.
[5]Dunn,C.P.,Sharpe D.M.,Guntensbergen G.R.,et al.“Methods for Analyzing Temporal Changes in Landscape Pattern”,inQuantitative Methodsin Landscape Ecology[M].1991,The Analysisand Interpretation of Landscape Heterogeneity Eds MGTurner,R HGardner(Springer,NewYork),p.173~198.
[6]Frohn,R C,Mcgwire K.C.,Dale V.H.,Estes J.E.Usingsatellite remote sensing analysis to evaluate a socio-economic andecological model of deforestation in Rondonia,Brazil[J].1996,International Journal ofRemote Sensing,17:3 233~3 255.
[7]Cohen,W.B.,T.A.Spies,R.J.Alig,et al.Charactering 23years(1972~95)of standreplacement disturbancein Western Oregonforests with Landsat imagery[J].2002,Ecosystems,5:122~137.
[8]Walsh S.J.,Butler D.R.and G.P.Malanson,Anoverviewfospatialscale,pattern,and process relationship in geomorphology:a remotesensing and GIS perspective[J].1998,Geomorphology,21:183~205.
[9]Zheng,D.,D.O.Wallin and H.Hao.Detecting rates and patternsof landscape change in the Changhai Mountain area between 1972~1988 usingsatellite data[J].1997,Landscape Ecology,12:241~254.
[10]Garder,R.H.,O’Neil,R.V.and Turner,M.G.EcologicalImplications of Landscape Fragmentation[M].1993,In Humans asComponents of Ecosystems;Subtle Human Effects andthe Ecology ofPopulated Areas Eds S.T.A.Pickett,M.J.McDonell(Springer,NewYork),p.208~226.
[11]Herold,M.,J.Sceph and K.Clarke.The sue of remote sensing andlandscape metricsto describe structures and changesin urbanland uses[J].2002,Environment and Planning A,34(8):1 443~1 458.
[12]O’Neil,R.V.,J.R.Krummel,R.H.Gardner,et al.Indices oflandscape pattern[J].1988,Landscape Ecology,1:153~162.
[13]Cheng,J.D.,Y.C.Huang,H.L.Wu,et al.Hydrometeorologicalandlanduse attributes of debrisflows and debrisfloods duringtyphoonToraji,July 29~30,2001 in central Taiwan[J].2005,Journal ofHydrology,306:161~173.
[14]Chu,D.B.,J.P.Stewart,S.Lee,et al.Documentation of soilconditions at liquefaction and non-liquefaction sites from1999 Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].2004,Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,24:647~657.
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