试析日本自然灾害治理的若干举措:以日本3·11大地震为例
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摘要
日本是一个灾害尤其是自然灾害频发的国家,在长期防灾治灾的过程中,积累了丰富经验,在此次强震中也多有体现。日本防灾治灾的主要举措表现为:日本建立了从中央到地方的治灾组织机构;日本救灾应急机构运转协调;日本重视防灾治灾资金的投入;日本逐渐完善了防灾治灾的法律体系;日本媒体成为民众了解灾情的重要渠道;日本形成了多元的治灾主体;日本防灾备灾准备充分,防灾备灾的教育和演练成为日常生活的一部分。正是由于这些细致入微的防灾备灾治灾举措,才使得日本应对灾害时能够保持镇定和秩序。
Japan is a country of which disasters especially natural disasters are often occurred.It has accumulated rich experiences in the long process of disaster governance and which also reflected in this strong earthquake.Japan's disaster prevention and disaster governance are mainly as:Japan established the disaster organizations from the central to local and which work coordinately;Japan attaches importance to the investment of funds of disaster prevention and disaster rule;The media of Japan have become an important channel for people to understand the disaster;The participants in the disaster are gradually diversified;Japan's disaster prevention and preparedness are prepared well,education and disaster preparedness drills become part of daily life.Because of these nuanced governance disaster prevention and preparedness initiatives,which make Japan's response to disasters calmly and orderly.
Japan is a country of which disasters especially natural disasters are often occurred.It has accumulated rich experiences in the long process of disaster governance and which also reflected in this strong earthquake.Japan's disaster prevention and disaster governance are mainly as:Japan established the disaster organizations from the central to local and which work coordinately;Japan attaches importance to the investment of funds of disaster prevention and disaster rule;The media of Japan have become an important channel for people to understand the disaster;The participants in the disaster are gradually diversified;Japan's disaster prevention and preparedness are prepared well,education and disaster preparedness drills become part of daily life.Because of these nuanced governance disaster prevention and preparedness initiatives,which make Japan's response to disasters calmly and orderly.
引文
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[2]淳于淼泠.日本政府危机管理的演变[J].当代亚太,2004,115(7):54-58
[3]王德迅.国外公共危机管理经验简介[EB/OL].http://www.gdemo.gov.cn/yjyj/tszs/,2008-09-25
[4]皇甫平丽,何德功,梁有昶等.国际抗震救灾借鉴[J].望新闻周刊,2008,1266(20):67-69
[5]张哲,郑李.日本媒体怎样报道大地震:“国民需要的信息才要报道”[N].南方周末,2011-03-17(10)
[6]顾林生.国外公共安全与应急管理及对我国的启示[EB/OL].http://cpc.people.com.cn,2008-06-23
[7]黄海霞,皇甫平丽.国外救灾应急机制一瞥[J].望新闻周刊,2008,1268(22):62
[8]逯田力,鹿广利.对于突发公共事件分类的认识和理解[J].中国公共安全(学术版),2010,(4):37-39
[9]朱凤岚.日本的突发灾害危机管理及其启示[N].华夏时报,2008-05-17(28)
[10]朱烨.我看到东京超市在半价出售毛毯[N].成都晚报,2011-03-14(7)
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