人力资本、社会资本与受灾居民灾后恢复研究——以汶川地震灾后恢复为例
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摘要
汶川地震已近两周年了。受灾居民是否从地震灾害的冲击中恢复过来?影响受灾居民灾后恢复的决定因素如何?本文利用2010年1月在六个重灾县(市)收集的1000余户受灾家庭样本的问卷数据,对受灾居民灾后恢复情况及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:近6成的受灾居民经济状况已恢复到灾前水平;宏观社会资本(突出表现在信任上)对灾后恢复具有显著的正向影响;受灾程度对灾后恢复产生显著的负面影响;人力资本对灾后恢复的影响不显著;其他因素如常住地、民族等也对灾后恢复产生显著影响。本文基于研究结果,提出相应的政策建议。
Wenchuan Earthquake has been two years.Have the affected residents recovered from the impact of the disaster? How do the determined factors influence the post-disaster recovery of the affected residents? Using the questionnaire data from over 1000 samples of the affected families from six heavily-stricken counties(cities) in Jan.2010,we conduct researches on the recovery of the a ffected residents and the influential factors.The results show that:the economic situation of around sixty percent of the affected residents has been restored to pre-disaster levels;macro social capital(especially reflected in trust) has significant positive effects on the recovery;the extent of the disaster has a significant negative impact on the recovery;the impact of human capital on th e recovery is not significant;other factors,such as permanent residence,natio nality etc.,have significant impact on the recovery.Based on the findings,this article gives appropriate policy recommendations.
Wenchuan Earthquake has been two years.Have the affected residents recovered from the impact of the disaster? How do the determined factors influence the post-disaster recovery of the affected residents? Using the questionnaire data from over 1000 samples of the affected families from six heavily-stricken counties(cities) in Jan.2010,we conduct researches on the recovery of the a ffected residents and the influential factors.The results show that:the economic situation of around sixty percent of the affected residents has been restored to pre-disaster levels;macro social capital(especially reflected in trust) has significant positive effects on the recovery;the extent of the disaster has a significant negative impact on the recovery;the impact of human capital on th e recovery is not significant;other factors,such as permanent residence,natio nality etc.,have significant impact on the recovery.Based on the findings,this article gives appropriate policy recommendations.
引文
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[3]苏筠等.影响灾后恢复期的因素分析——基于水灾灾民的调查[J].灾害学,2008,(4):54-58.
[4]赵延东.社会资本与灾后恢复——一项自然灾害的社会学研究[J].社会学研究,2007,(5):164-187.
[5]ERIABROWNGADD Ietc.Full-costaccounting of coasta disasters in the United States:Implications for planning and preparedness[J].Ecological Economics,2007,(63):307-318.
[6]赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本:一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2005,(2):18-24.
[7]赵延东.自然灾害中的社会资本研究[J].国外社会科学,2007,(4):53-60.
[8]HAINES.V.,J.HURLBER T,J.BEGGS.Exploring the Determ inants of Support Provision:Provider Characteristics,Personal Networks,Community Contexts,and Support Following Life Events[J].JournalofH ealth and socialBehavior.1996,37(3):252-264.
[9]KANIASTY,K.F.NORRIS.In Search of Altruistic Community:Patterns of Social Support Mobilization Following Hur-ricane Hugo[J].American Journal of Community Psychology,1995,23(4):447-77.
[10]陈升等.汶川地震对受灾居民的影响纵向研究——来自四川省5个地震重灾区的调查[J].中国人口科学,2009,(4):91-99.
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