施工爆破对确定海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的影响研究
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摘要
确定海底隧道的最小岩石覆盖厚度是在确保海底隧道安全的基础上减少工程造价的关键。施工爆破对上覆岩石的振动影响着海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的确定。采用 FLAC~(3D)模拟了宁波海底隧道钻爆法施工对上覆岩层的动力学影响,分析了海底隧道的底板标高和装药量对上覆岩层交界面的稳定性影响,得到了振动速度、应力波动历时曲线和塑性区大小。通过与萨道夫斯基公式计算结果的对比,综合经济、安全方面的考虑,建议降低装药量,底板线下降2m。
Ascertaining the minimum rock covers of subsea tunnel is important to reduce project cost on the conditions of subsea tunnel safety.Researching the dynamic influence of tunnel blasting construction on the cover rock mass is necessary to the minimum rock covers.The effect of subsea tunnel construction using drilling and blasting method to overlaying strata is analyzed through FLAC3D numerical simulation.The influence of different subsea tunnel level and charge weight on the interface of overlaying strata is analyzed.The blasting vibration velocity history and stress vibration history at key points and the plastic zone are gained and contrasted with the result of experimental formula;synthesizing the above analysis and considering economical and safety of subsea tunnel,we suggest that charge weight should be reduced and subsea tunnel level should be descended 2 meters.
Ascertaining the minimum rock covers of subsea tunnel is important to reduce project cost on the conditions of subsea tunnel safety.Researching the dynamic influence of tunnel blasting construction on the cover rock mass is necessary to the minimum rock covers.The effect of subsea tunnel construction using drilling and blasting method to overlaying strata is analyzed through FLAC3D numerical simulation.The influence of different subsea tunnel level and charge weight on the interface of overlaying strata is analyzed.The blasting vibration velocity history and stress vibration history at key points and the plastic zone are gained and contrasted with the result of experimental formula;synthesizing the above analysis and considering economical and safety of subsea tunnel,we suggest that charge weight should be reduced and subsea tunnel level should be descended 2 meters.
引文
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[3] 许锡宾,赵明阶,荣耀.公路隧道爆破掘进震动效应研究[J].水运工程,2004,368(9) :74-78． XU Xi-bin,ZHAO Ming-jie,RONG Yao.Vibration effect of blasting and driving of road tunnel[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2004,368(9) : 74-78．
[4] 王明年,潘晓马,张成满,等.邻近隧道爆破震动响应研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3) :412-414． WANG Ming-nian,PAN Xiao-ma,ZHANG Cheng-man,et al.Study of blasting vibration influence on close-spaced tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3) :412-414．
[5] 国胜兵,王明洋,赵跃堂,等.爆炸地震波作用下地下结构动力响应数值分析[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4) :137-142． GUO Sheng-bing,WANG Ming-yang,ZHAO Yue-tang,et al.Dynamic numerical analysis of underground structures under action of explosion seismic wave[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(4) :137-142．
[6] X B Qiu,S C Li,W Z Chen.Numerical analysis of rock cover thickness of subsea tunnel[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19:426．
[7] Chengqing Wua,Yong Lu,Hong Hao.Numerical prediction of blast-induced stress wave from large-scale underground explosion[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2004,28:93-109．
[8] 李飞,陈卫忠,李术才,等.高速公路浅埋大跨度双跨连拱隧道爆破振动影响研究.岩石力学与工程学报[J].2004,23(增2) :4744-4748． LI Fei,CHEN Wei-zhong,LI Shu-cai et al.Study of effects of blast on shallow large-span double-linked-arch tunnel of expressway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(supp2) :4744-4748．
[9] 闫长斌,徐国元,李夕兵.爆破震动对采空区稳定性影响的 FLAC~(3D)分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16) :2894-2899． YAN Chang-bin,XU Guo-yuan,LI Xi-bing.Stability analysis of mined-out areas influenced by blasting vibration with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16) :2894-2899．
[10] 王廷武,刘清泉,杨永琦,等.地面与地下工程控制爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990．
[11] 周听清.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001．
[12] 齐景岳,刘正雄,张儒林,等.隧道爆破现代技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995．
[13] Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.FLAC~(3D)Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimension,Version 2． 0,User's manual[M].USA:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,1997．
[14] 姚勇,何川,晏启祥,等.董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增):501-506． YAO Yong,HE Chuan,YAN Qi-xiang,et al.Numerical simulation of blasting control for small clear distance zone of Dongjiashan tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp):501-506．
[15] 郭建群,张继春,许海亮,等.人和场隧道掘进爆破的地震效应试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(4) :92-95． GUO Jian-qun,ZHANG Ji-chun,XU Hai-liang,et al.Seismic effects on drive blasting in Renhechang tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2003,24(4) :92-95．
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