用基于平滑技术的时频分析方法对地震资料去噪的研究
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摘要
本文提出了一种新的时频分析方法—基于平滑技术的时频分析方法,并给出了该方法的基本原理以及用该方法对地震观测信号进行去噪的具体算法,它以信号的平滑处理为基础,与传统去噪手段相比,具有物理意义清晰且运算简单的优点.实验结果表明,利用该时频分析方法可以极大地提高远距离地震观测信号的信噪比,从而为远距离地震信号的检测提供了有力的工具.
In this paper we propose a new time-frequency analysis method which is based on smoothing technique. The specific algorithm of applying this method to seismic-signal denoising is then amply introduced.Compared with the traditional means of denoising,the time-frequency analysis method proposed in this paper has such merits as clear physical meaning and simple operation.The results of experiments show that this method can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic signals which are collected at remote observational stations.Therefore,this timefrequency analysis method can serve as a powerful tool when it comes to the remote detection of seismic signal.
In this paper we propose a new time-frequency analysis method which is based on smoothing technique. The specific algorithm of applying this method to seismic-signal denoising is then amply introduced.Compared with the traditional means of denoising,the time-frequency analysis method proposed in this paper has such merits as clear physical meaning and simple operation.The results of experiments show that this method can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic signals which are collected at remote observational stations.Therefore,this timefrequency analysis method can serve as a powerful tool when it comes to the remote detection of seismic signal.
引文
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[8] 刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :711-714．Liu C,Wang D,Yang B J,Liu Y.Apply of 2-D wavelet transforms in surface wave eliminations of seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4) :711-714．
[9] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155-1163．Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,et al.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.2006,49(4) :1155-1163．
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[11] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493-499．Wu Z C,Liu T Y.Wavelet transform method in seismic noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics.2008,23(2) :493-499．
[12] 杨立强,宋海斌,郝天珧.基于二维小波变换的随机噪声压制方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(1) :4-6．Yang L Q,Song H B,Hao T Y.Method of 2D wavelet transform in attenuating random noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole.2005,44(1) :4-6．
[2] 常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :839-846．Chang X,Liu Y K.The generalized fractal dimension of seismic records and its applications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6) :839-846．
[3] 叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1574-1581．Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.Possibility of automatically picking first arrival of microseismic wave by energy eigenvalue method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in chinese),2008,51(5 ):1574-1581．
[4] Gelchinsky B,Shtivelman V.Automatic picking of first arrivals and parameterization of traveltime curves[J].Geophys.Prosp.,1983,31:915-928．
[5] 李辉,戴旭初,葛洪魁,等.基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1190-1197．Li H,Dai X C,Ge H K,et al.Seismic signal detection and first arrival pickup based on mutual information[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (4) :1190--1197．
[6] 刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1) :8-15．Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M.High resolution radon transform and its application in seismic signal processing[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(1) :8-15．
[7] 洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比 地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6) :1106-1110．Hong F,Hu T Y,Zhang W B,et al.Attenuating multiples for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data using optimal beamforming[J].Chinese J .Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47 (6) :1106-1110．
[8] 刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4) :711-714．Liu C,Wang D,Yang B J,Liu Y.Apply of 2-D wavelet transforms in surface wave eliminations of seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4) :711-714．
[9] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155-1163．Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,et al.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.2006,49(4) :1155-1163．
[10] 柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :541-545．Liu J X,Han S L,Ma J.Application of wavelet analysis in seismic data denoising[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2) :541-545．
[11] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493-499．Wu Z C,Liu T Y.Wavelet transform method in seismic noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics.2008,23(2) :493-499．
[12] 杨立强,宋海斌,郝天珧.基于二维小波变换的随机噪声压制方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(1) :4-6．Yang L Q,Song H B,Hao T Y.Method of 2D wavelet transform in attenuating random noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole.2005,44(1) :4-6．
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