隧道含水构造直流电阻率法超前探测研究
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摘要
含导水构造和岩溶裂隙水的探查是亟需研究和解决的关键问题。直流电阻率法以其对低阻体反映敏感、分辨率高等优点被引入到隧道掌子面前方含水构造的预报工作中。首先,推导出了无限全空间中球体含水构造直流电法超前探测的解析解公式,并在利用有限元数值方法进行正演分析的基础上,借助"比较法"将含隧道腔体的三维空间中超前探测视电阻率数据转换为无限全空间中的数据,并探讨了由MN电极附近电阻率不均匀所造成的干扰以及识别和去除这种干扰的方法。然后,设计了基于全空间球体含水构造超前探测解析公式的阻尼最小二乘反演方法,对隧道中多组球体含水构造模型进行了较为成功的反演。另外,探讨了其他形状的有限体积的含水构造超前探测异常规律,提出了"等效球体"的概念,亦在全空间球体含水构造超前探测解析公式的基础上设计了快速反演方法。最后,利用物理模型试验验证了有限元数值正演方法和阻尼最小二乘反演技术的可行性和有效性,为实际工程中含水构造的直流电法超前预报奠定了基础。
The detection of water-bearing structures and karst-fractured groundwater is the key problem needed to be resolved. Due to its high resolution and sensitivity to the low resistivity body, the DC resistivity method is introduced to predict the water-bearing structures in the front of tunnel face. First, the analytical formula of the spheriform water-bearing structures advanced detection in the whole space is deduced. Based on the analysis of large forward modeling results with finite element numerical simulation method, the apparent resistivity data in 3-D space with tunnel is translated into the data of advanced detection in the whole space with comparison method. The disturbance induced from inhomogeneous resistivity around the MN pole is discussed; and the method to identify and eliminate this disturbance is studied. Then the damped least squares inversion method is designed on the base of the analytical formula of the spheriform structures detection in the whole space. With this method, the inversion for multi-group spheriform water-bearing structures models is done. In addition, the anomaly law of the advanced detection of water-bearing structures with other shape is studied; and concept of equivalent sphere is raised. A fast inversion method is designed on the base of the analytical formula of the spheriform structures detection in the whole space. At last, the result of physical model test verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of finite element numerical method and damping least squares inversion method, which lay a foundation for the advanced detection of water-bearing structures with DC resistivity method in practical engineering.
The detection of water-bearing structures and karst-fractured groundwater is the key problem needed to be resolved. Due to its high resolution and sensitivity to the low resistivity body, the DC resistivity method is introduced to predict the water-bearing structures in the front of tunnel face. First, the analytical formula of the spheriform water-bearing structures advanced detection in the whole space is deduced. Based on the analysis of large forward modeling results with finite element numerical simulation method, the apparent resistivity data in 3-D space with tunnel is translated into the data of advanced detection in the whole space with comparison method. The disturbance induced from inhomogeneous resistivity around the MN pole is discussed; and the method to identify and eliminate this disturbance is studied. Then the damped least squares inversion method is designed on the base of the analytical formula of the spheriform structures detection in the whole space. With this method, the inversion for multi-group spheriform water-bearing structures models is done. In addition, the anomaly law of the advanced detection of water-bearing structures with other shape is studied; and concept of equivalent sphere is raised. A fast inversion method is designed on the base of the analytical formula of the spheriform structures detection in the whole space. At last, the result of physical model test verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of finite element numerical method and damping least squares inversion method, which lay a foundation for the advanced detection of water-bearing structures with DC resistivity method in practical engineering.
引文
[1]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Forecast of karst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):217-225.
[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297-1307.LI Shu-cai,XUE Yi-guo,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Key technology study on comprehensive prediction and early-warning of geological hazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297-1307.
[3]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1-4.MIAO Xie-xing,PU Hai,BAI Hai-bo.Principle of water Resisting key strata and its application in water-preservedmining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):1-4.
[4]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,(1):7-9.WANG Meng-shu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,(1):7-9.
[5]王华,吴光,冯涛,等.渝怀线圆梁山隧道超前地质钻探预报技术应用研究[J].铁道建筑,2007,(2):36-38.WANG Hua,WU Guang,FENG Tao,et al.Application and study on the advance drilling geological prediction in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[J].Railway Engineering,2007,(2):36-38.
[6]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1399-1402.LIU Zhi-gang,LIU Xiu-feng.TSP application and development in tunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1399-1402.
[7]刘斌,李文峰,李术才.探地雷达探测地下管线机理研究及实例分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增刊):459-463.LIU Bin,LI Wen-feng,LI Shu-cai.Research on mechanism of underground pipeline detection with ground penetrating radar and analysis of example[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):459-463.
[8]吴俊,毛海和,应松,等.地质雷达在公路隧道短期地质超前预报中的应用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊):154-157.WU Jun,MAO Hai-he,YING Song,et al.Application of ground probing radar to short-term geological forecast for tunnel construction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.):154-157.
[9]岳建华,刘树才.矿井直流电法勘探[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[10]岳建华,李志聃.矿井直流电法勘探中的巷道影响[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):7-10.YUE Jian-hua,LI Zhi-dan.Roadway influence on electrical prospecting in underground mine[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,1999,24(1):7-10.
[11]李学军.煤矿井下定点源梯度法超前探测试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1992,20(4):59-62.LI Xue-jun.Study and experiment on heading detecting by fixed electric source gradient method in underground mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1992,20(4):59-62.
[12]李玉宝.矿井电法超前探测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(2):1-3.LI Yu-bao.Mine electric method pilot detection technology[J].Coal Science and Technique,2002,30(2):1-3.
[13]刘青雯.井下电法超前探测方法及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(5):60-62.LIU Qing-wen.Underground electrical lead survey method and its application[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2001,29(5):60-62.
[14]程久龙,王玉和,于师建,等.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理与应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(4):60-62.CHENG Jiu-long,WANG Yu-he,YU Shi-jian,et al.The principle and application of advance surveying in roadway excavation by resistivity method[J].Coal Geology&Exploration2000,28(4):60-62.
[15]黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率法超前探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1529-1538.HUANG Jun-ge,WANG Jia-lin,RUAN Bai-yao.A study on advanced detection using DC resistivity method in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1529-1538.
[16]黄俊革,阮百尧,王家林.坑道直流电阻率法超前探测的快速反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):619-624.HUANG Jun-ge,RUAN Bai-yao,WANG Jia-lin.The fast inversion for advanced detection using DC resistivity in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(2):619-624.
[17]傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[18]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[2]李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,等.高风险岩溶地区隧道施工地质灾害综合预报预警关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1297-1307.LI Shu-cai,XUE Yi-guo,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Key technology study on comprehensive prediction and early-warning of geological hazards during tunnel construction in high-risk karst areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1297-1307.
[3]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1-4.MIAO Xie-xing,PU Hai,BAI Hai-bo.Principle of water Resisting key strata and its application in water-preservedmining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):1-4.
[4]王梦恕.对岩溶地区隧道施工水文地质超前预报的意见[J].铁道勘查,2004,(1):7-9.WANG Meng-shu.Hydrologic and geological forecast of tunnel construction in the karst district[J].Railroad Survey,2004,(1):7-9.
[5]王华,吴光,冯涛,等.渝怀线圆梁山隧道超前地质钻探预报技术应用研究[J].铁道建筑,2007,(2):36-38.WANG Hua,WU Guang,FENG Tao,et al.Application and study on the advance drilling geological prediction in Yuanliangshan Tunnel[J].Railway Engineering,2007,(2):36-38.
[6]刘志刚,刘秀峰.TSP(隧道地震勘探)在隧道隧洞超前预报中的应用与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1399-1402.LIU Zhi-gang,LIU Xiu-feng.TSP application and development in tunnel lead forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1399-1402.
[7]刘斌,李文峰,李术才.探地雷达探测地下管线机理研究及实例分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增刊):459-463.LIU Bin,LI Wen-feng,LI Shu-cai.Research on mechanism of underground pipeline detection with ground penetrating radar and analysis of example[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):459-463.
[8]吴俊,毛海和,应松,等.地质雷达在公路隧道短期地质超前预报中的应用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊):154-157.WU Jun,MAO Hai-he,YING Song,et al.Application of ground probing radar to short-term geological forecast for tunnel construction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.):154-157.
[9]岳建华,刘树才.矿井直流电法勘探[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[10]岳建华,李志聃.矿井直流电法勘探中的巷道影响[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):7-10.YUE Jian-hua,LI Zhi-dan.Roadway influence on electrical prospecting in underground mine[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,1999,24(1):7-10.
[11]李学军.煤矿井下定点源梯度法超前探测试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1992,20(4):59-62.LI Xue-jun.Study and experiment on heading detecting by fixed electric source gradient method in underground mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1992,20(4):59-62.
[12]李玉宝.矿井电法超前探测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(2):1-3.LI Yu-bao.Mine electric method pilot detection technology[J].Coal Science and Technique,2002,30(2):1-3.
[13]刘青雯.井下电法超前探测方法及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(5):60-62.LIU Qing-wen.Underground electrical lead survey method and its application[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2001,29(5):60-62.
[14]程久龙,王玉和,于师建,等.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理与应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(4):60-62.CHENG Jiu-long,WANG Yu-he,YU Shi-jian,et al.The principle and application of advance surveying in roadway excavation by resistivity method[J].Coal Geology&Exploration2000,28(4):60-62.
[15]黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率法超前探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1529-1538.HUANG Jun-ge,WANG Jia-lin,RUAN Bai-yao.A study on advanced detection using DC resistivity method in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1529-1538.
[16]黄俊革,阮百尧,王家林.坑道直流电阻率法超前探测的快速反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):619-624.HUANG Jun-ge,RUAN Bai-yao,WANG Jia-lin.The fast inversion for advanced detection using DC resistivity in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(2):619-624.
[17]傅良魁.电法勘探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1983.
[18]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
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