青岛小净距海底隧道爆破振动响应研究
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摘要
介绍青岛胶州湾海底隧道的工程概况和邻近隧道爆破控制的研究现状。由位于断层破碎带f3-1中的典型断面ZK5+607的几何参数和地质资料构建三维尺寸为215m×86.1m×60m的数值计算模型,对后行隧道上台阶掏槽眼的爆破效应进行分析。采用国际上常用的计算模式模拟爆破荷载,根据FLAC3D动态计算的特点,将爆破荷载以等效应力的方式加载于模拟炮孔之上。以控制点振速峰值和塑性区体积为标准对施工方案进行优选,分析认为施工中应尽量减小各掌子面纵向间距、严格控制掘进进尺和装药不耦合系数、施作中空孔。用优选的方案进行研究并得出结论:爆破施工对海底隧道岩石覆盖层的影响范围在15m之内;施工洞和服务洞的围岩振动影响较大,且爆破工作面前方的爆破振动强度大于后方,在其影响范围内应注意加强监控量测并推迟二次衬砌的施作;施工洞拱部、先行洞迎爆面边墙是爆破振速峰值最大的部位,施工洞拱部出现了应力集中现象和拉应力区,施工中应加强支护。
The subsea tunnel project at Jiaozhou bay in Qingdao and a study of blasting control for the twin tunnels are introduced.The section ZK5+607 located in the fault f3-1 is chosen as typical cross section,and a three dimensional numerical model(215m×86.1m×60m) is formed according to the geometric parameters and geological data of this section.The effect of blasting of cut holes in the upper bench of the tunnel excavated later than others is studied.An internationally commonly used calculation method is employed to simulate the explosion load,which is then imposed on the simulation blast holes in equivalent stress form,based on the characteristics of dynamic calculation of FLAC3D.Various construction schemes are compared by using the vibration velocity peak values of representative key points and plastic zone volumes.Suggestions are presented,such as minimizing the spaces between working faces,controlling the lengths of driving cycles and coefficients of decoupling charge,and using hollow holes.Further study is performed for the optimal construction scheme and the following conclusions are obtained.The scope of influence on rock overburden under explosion load is within 15m.Vibration responses of the main tunnel and service tunnel are obvious,and the blasting vibration intensity of the ahead-of-working-face surrounding rock is stronger than that of behind-working-face surrounding rock.Within the influence zone,monitoring should be strengthened and concrete lining should be delayed as much as possible.Peak values of vibration velocity occur on the excavating tunnel arch and wall facing the blasting side of the constructed tunnels,while stress concentrations and tensile stresses appear at the arch of the excavating tunnel.
The subsea tunnel project at Jiaozhou bay in Qingdao and a study of blasting control for the twin tunnels are introduced.The section ZK5+607 located in the fault f3-1 is chosen as typical cross section,and a three dimensional numerical model(215m×86.1m×60m) is formed according to the geometric parameters and geological data of this section.The effect of blasting of cut holes in the upper bench of the tunnel excavated later than others is studied.An internationally commonly used calculation method is employed to simulate the explosion load,which is then imposed on the simulation blast holes in equivalent stress form,based on the characteristics of dynamic calculation of FLAC3D.Various construction schemes are compared by using the vibration velocity peak values of representative key points and plastic zone volumes.Suggestions are presented,such as minimizing the spaces between working faces,controlling the lengths of driving cycles and coefficients of decoupling charge,and using hollow holes.Further study is performed for the optimal construction scheme and the following conclusions are obtained.The scope of influence on rock overburden under explosion load is within 15m.Vibration responses of the main tunnel and service tunnel are obvious,and the blasting vibration intensity of the ahead-of-working-face surrounding rock is stronger than that of behind-working-face surrounding rock.Within the influence zone,monitoring should be strengthened and concrete lining should be delayed as much as possible.Peak values of vibration velocity occur on the excavating tunnel arch and wall facing the blasting side of the constructed tunnels,while stress concentrations and tensile stresses appear at the arch of the excavating tunnel.
引文
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[9]易长平,卢文波.开挖爆破对邻近隧洞的震动影响研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(1):1-5(Yi Changping,LuWenbo.A study of the effect of blasting vibration onadjacent tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(1):1-5(in Chinese))
[10]毕继红,钟建辉.邻近隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响的研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(4):69-73(Bi Jihong,ZhongJianhui.Study on influnce of blasting vibration fromexcavtion of a new tunnel on existed tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(4):69-73(in Chinese))
[11]姚勇,何川,周俐俐,等.爆破振动对相邻隧道的影响性分析及控爆措施[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,8(6):702-708(Yao Yong,He Chuan,Zhou Lili,et a1.Effect analysis and controlled measures researchabout blasting vibration to neighboring tunnel[J].Journalof PLA University of Science and Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2007,8(6):702-708(in Chinese))
[12]崔积弘,周健,林从谋.爆破震动对既有洞室影响的数值模拟[J].有色金属,2008,60(1):101-104(Cui Jihong,Zhou Jian,Lin Congmou.Numerical simulation of effect ofblasting seismic on existing chamber[J].NonferrousMetals,2008,60(1):101-104(in Chinese))
[13]杨年华,刘慧.近距离爆破引起的隧道周边振动场[J].工程爆破,2000,6(2):6-10(Yang Nianhua,Liu Hui.Vibration field at tunnel contour induced by a close-inblasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(2):6-10(inChinese))
[14]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93(ZhuJingqing,Zhou Jian.Afluid mechanics basis for estimatingundersea ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93(in Chinese))
[15]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Flac3D user’s manuals[M].Version3.0.Minneapolis,Minnesota,USA,2005
[16]林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216-222(LinYingsong,Ge Hongkui,Wang Shunchang.Test study ondynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):261-222(in Chinese))
[17]Swoboda O,Zeng G,Li N,et al.Dynamic analysis of blastprocedure in tunnel[M].New York:Springer-Veriag,1991:386-437
[18]张欣,李术才.爆破荷载作用下青岛胶州湾海底隧道覆盖岩层稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2348-2355(Zhang Xin,Li Shucai.Stability analysisof rock cover of Qingdao JiaochowBay subsea tunnel underexplosive load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):2348-2355(in Chinese))
[19]GB 6722—2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003(GB 6722—2003 Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003(inChinese))
[20]邵国建,卓家寿,章青.岩体稳定性分析与评判准则研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):691-696(Shao Guojian,Zhuo Jiashou,Zhang Qing.Research onanalysis method and criterion of rockmass stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(5):691-696(in Chinese))
[2]王明年,潘晓马,张成满,等.邻近隧道爆破振动响应研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):412-414(WangMingnian,Pan Xiaoma,Zhang Chengman,et a1.Study ofblasting vibration influence on close-spaced tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):412-414(inChinese))
[3]龚建伍,夏才初,郑志东,等.鹤上三车道小净距隧道爆破振动测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1882-1887(Gong Jianwu,Xia Caichu,ZhengZhidong,et al.Measurement and analysis of blastingvibration in Heshang three-lane tunnels with small clearspace[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(9):1882-1887(in Chinese))
[4]阳生权,周健,李雪健.小净距公路隧道爆破震动观测与分析[J].工程爆破,2005,11(3):62-65(YangShengquan,Zhou Jian,Li Xuejian.Blasting vibrationanalysis of little-space road tunnel[J].EngineeringBlasting,2005,11(3):62-65(in Chinese))
[5]傅洪贤.长距离小间距隧道爆破开挖设计与施工[J].工程爆破,2006,12(3):30-32(Fu Hongxian.Blastingdesign and construction of long distance with little spacetunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(3):30-32(inChinese))
[6]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281-285(Tan Zhongsheng,Yang Xiaolin,Wang Mengshu.Effect of blast in double line tunnel on existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281-285(in Chinese))
[7]李飞,陈卫忠,李术才,等.高速公路浅埋大跨度双跨连拱隧道爆破振动影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增2):4744-4748(Li Fei,Chen Weizhong,LiShucai,et a1.Study of effects of blast on shallow large-span double-linked-arch tunnel of expressway[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(S2):4744-4748(in Chinese))
[8]李云鹏,艾传志,韩常领,等.小间距隧道爆破开挖动力效应数值模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):75-81(Li Yunpeng,Ai Chuanzhi,Han Changling,et a1.Studyon dynamics effect caused by blasting construction bynumerical simulation for tunnels with small spacing[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(1):75-81(inChinese))
[9]易长平,卢文波.开挖爆破对邻近隧洞的震动影响研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(1):1-5(Yi Changping,LuWenbo.A study of the effect of blasting vibration onadjacent tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(1):1-5(in Chinese))
[10]毕继红,钟建辉.邻近隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响的研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(4):69-73(Bi Jihong,ZhongJianhui.Study on influnce of blasting vibration fromexcavtion of a new tunnel on existed tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(4):69-73(in Chinese))
[11]姚勇,何川,周俐俐,等.爆破振动对相邻隧道的影响性分析及控爆措施[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,8(6):702-708(Yao Yong,He Chuan,Zhou Lili,et a1.Effect analysis and controlled measures researchabout blasting vibration to neighboring tunnel[J].Journalof PLA University of Science and Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2007,8(6):702-708(in Chinese))
[12]崔积弘,周健,林从谋.爆破震动对既有洞室影响的数值模拟[J].有色金属,2008,60(1):101-104(Cui Jihong,Zhou Jian,Lin Congmou.Numerical simulation of effect ofblasting seismic on existing chamber[J].NonferrousMetals,2008,60(1):101-104(in Chinese))
[13]杨年华,刘慧.近距离爆破引起的隧道周边振动场[J].工程爆破,2000,6(2):6-10(Yang Nianhua,Liu Hui.Vibration field at tunnel contour induced by a close-inblasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(2):6-10(inChinese))
[14]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93(ZhuJingqing,Zhou Jian.Afluid mechanics basis for estimatingundersea ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93(in Chinese))
[15]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Flac3D user’s manuals[M].Version3.0.Minneapolis,Minnesota,USA,2005
[16]林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216-222(LinYingsong,Ge Hongkui,Wang Shunchang.Test study ondynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):261-222(in Chinese))
[17]Swoboda O,Zeng G,Li N,et al.Dynamic analysis of blastprocedure in tunnel[M].New York:Springer-Veriag,1991:386-437
[18]张欣,李术才.爆破荷载作用下青岛胶州湾海底隧道覆盖岩层稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2348-2355(Zhang Xin,Li Shucai.Stability analysisof rock cover of Qingdao JiaochowBay subsea tunnel underexplosive load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):2348-2355(in Chinese))
[19]GB 6722—2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003(GB 6722—2003 Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003(inChinese))
[20]邵国建,卓家寿,章青.岩体稳定性分析与评判准则研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):691-696(Shao Guojian,Zhuo Jiashou,Zhang Qing.Research onanalysis method and criterion of rockmass stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(5):691-696(in Chinese))
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