走滑活断层对公路的致灾机理研究
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摘要
为了研究公路穿过走滑活断层时的变形、受力机理和破坏特征,建立了有限元地质模型,分析了活断层的走滑位移、活断层带宽度以及活断层与公路夹角等变化的影响效应;并在此基础上,研究走滑活断层环境下公路的破坏模式,提出了公路变形、受力的结构力学求解方法。结果表明:走滑断层带的公路在横向发生弯曲变形,公路两侧的边缘在纵向处于拉、压的受力状态;活断层走滑位移的变化,只改变公路变形和受力的大小,不改变其分布特征;活断层与公路夹角以及活断层带宽度的变化,不改变公路变形和受剪的整体范围,但是对公路变形和剪应力分布特征有较大影响;根据走滑活断层环境下公路的变形和受力特征,可以将其破坏模式总结为剪断破坏和拉-张破坏。
In order to study the deformation,mechanical mechanism and failure character of highway in strike-slip active fault environment,a finite element geology model was designed to analyze the effect induced by changing the movement of active fault,width of active fault and separation angle between highway and active fault.Then,the failure modes of highway in strike-slip active fault environment were studied,and the structure mechanics method which was used to calculate the deformation and stress of highway in strike-slip active fault environment was put forward.The result shows that the highway in strike-slip active fault environment is bended and sheared in cross direction,and two sides of highway are in tension and compression states.The change of strike-slip displacement of active fault results in change of the value of deformation and stress of highway except for their distribution characters.The change of separation angle between highway and active fault and the width of active fault result in great change of deformation and shear stress distribution characters except for their general ranges.Based on deformation and mechanical character of highway in strike-slip active fault environment,the failure modes of highway in strike-slip active fault environment can be generalized as sheared failure and tension-compression failure.
In order to study the deformation,mechanical mechanism and failure character of highway in strike-slip active fault environment,a finite element geology model was designed to analyze the effect induced by changing the movement of active fault,width of active fault and separation angle between highway and active fault.Then,the failure modes of highway in strike-slip active fault environment were studied,and the structure mechanics method which was used to calculate the deformation and stress of highway in strike-slip active fault environment was put forward.The result shows that the highway in strike-slip active fault environment is bended and sheared in cross direction,and two sides of highway are in tension and compression states.The change of strike-slip displacement of active fault results in change of the value of deformation and stress of highway except for their distribution characters.The change of separation angle between highway and active fault and the width of active fault result in great change of deformation and shear stress distribution characters except for their general ranges.Based on deformation and mechanical character of highway in strike-slip active fault environment,the failure modes of highway in strike-slip active fault environment can be generalized as sheared failure and tension-compression failure.
引文
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[15]蒋中明,傅胜,李尚高,等.高压引水隧洞陡倾角断层岩体高压压水试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2318-2323.JIANG Zhong-ming,FU Sheng,LI Shang-gao,et al.High Pressure Permeability Test on Hydraulic Tun-nel with Steep Obliquity Faults Under High Pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):2318-2323.
[16]刘学增,滨田政则.活断层破坏在土体中传播的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):425-427.LI U Xue-zeng,HAMADA M.Experi ments on Rup-ture Propagation of Active Faults in Soil[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(3):425-427.
[17]邓龙胜,范文,彭建兵,等.倾滑断层对公路的致灾机理分析[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(3):123-131.DENG Long-sheng,FAN Wen,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the Break-down Mechanism of RoadStructure Induced by Dip-slip Active Fault[J].Jour-nal of Safety and Environment,2009,9(3):123-131.
[18]CLOUGH G W,DUNCANJ M.Finite Element Ana-lyses of Retaining Wall Behavior[J].Jour Soil Mech&Found Div,1971,97(12):1657-1673.
[19]BRANDT J R T.Behavior of Soil-concrete Interfaces[D].Alberta:The University of Alberta,1985.
[20]陈慧远.摩擦接触单元及其分析[J].水利学报,1985(4):44-49.CHEN Hui-yuan.Study on the Friction ContactElement[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985(4):44-49.
[2]黄生文,司铁汉,陈文胜,等.断层对大跨度隧道围岩应力影响的有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3788-3793.HUANG Sheng-wen,SI Tie-han,CHEN Wen-sheng,et al.Finite Element Analyses of Influence of Fault onLarge-span Tunnel Surrounding Rock Stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(S2):3788-3793.
[3]刘志刚,刘秀峰.断层参数预测法预报隧道断层[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1547-1550.LI UZhi-gang,LI U Xiu-feng.Determination of TunnelFault by the Method of Fault Parameter Forecast[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1547-1550.
[4]王长虹,杨有海.乌鞘岭隧道F7断层的黏弹性位移反演分析[J].铁道学报,2007,29(2):132-135.WANG Chang-hong,YANG You-hai.The Elastic-vis-co Displacement Back Analysis of Wushaoling TunnelF7 Fault[J].Journal of the China Rail way Society,2007,29(2):132-135.
[5]胡志平,彭建兵,黄强兵,等.地铁盾构隧道30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模拟试验[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2009,29(4):63-68.HU Zhi-ping,PENGJian-bing,HUANG Qiang-bing,et al.Physical Modeling Test on Shield Tunnel Cross-ing Ground Fissure with 30°[J].Journal of Chang anUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2009,29(4):63-68.
[6]刘爱文,胡聿贤,李小军,等.大口径埋地钢管在地震断层作用下破坏模式的研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(3):82-87.LI U Ai-wen,HU Yu-xian,LI Xiao-jun,et al.DamageBehavior of Large-diameter Buried Steel PipelinesUnder Fault Movements[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(3):82-87.
[7]张素灵,许建东,曹华明,等.地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):432-438.ZHANG Su-ling,XU Jian-dong,CAO Hua-ming,et al.A Study of Buried Pipeline Damages Caused byEarthquake Faulting[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(3):432-438.
[8]刘爱文,胡聿贤,赵凤新,等.地震断层作用下埋地管线壳有限元分析的等效边界方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(增1):141-147.LI U Ai-wen,HU Yu-xian,ZHAO Feng-xin,et al.AnEquivalent-boundary Method for the Shell Analysis ofBuried Pipelines Under Fault Movement[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2004,26(S1):141-147.
[9]冯启民,赵林.跨越断层埋地管道屈曲分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):80-87.FENG Qi-min,ZHAO Lin.Buckling Analysis of Bur-ied Pipes Subjected to Fault Movements[J].Earth-quake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):80-87.
[10]林均岐,胡明祎.跨越断层地下管道地震反应研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(5):129-133.LINJun-qi,HU Ming-yi.Seismic Responses of BuriedPipeline Crossing Fault[J].Journal of Earthquake En-gineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(5):129-133.
[11]王统宁,刘健新,于泳波.近断层地震动作用下减隔震桥梁空间动力分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(5):20-25.WANG Tong-ning,LI U Jian-xin,YU Yong-bo.Spa-tial Dynamic Analysis of Isolated Bridges Subjected toNear-fault Ground Motion[J].Journal of Traffic andTransportation Engineering,2009,9(5):20-25.
[12]石玉玲,门玉明,刘洋,等.西安市地裂缝对城市立交的破坏机理及防治措施[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(1):89-93.SHI Yu-ling,MEN Yu-ming,LI U Yang,et al.Re-search on the Destruction Mechanism of City Over-pass by Ground Fissurein Xi an City and the Control-ling Measures[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and En-vironment,2009,31(1):89-93.
[13]江涛,徐卫亚,陈宏,等.受断层切割影响的拱坝坝肩岩体三维稳定性数值分析及加固措施模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5840-5844.JIANG Tao,XU Wei-ya,CHEN Hong,et al.Numer-ical Analysis of Stability for Rock Mass in Arch DamAbut ment I mpacted by Fault and Si mulation of FaultTreat ment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2005,24(S2):5840-5844.
[14]王金安,刘航,李铁.临近断层开采动力危险区划分数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):28-35.WANGJin-an,LI U Hang,LI Tie.Study on Numer-ical Si mulation of Dynamic Risk Regionalization Dur-ing Exploitation Approaching to Faults[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):28-35.
[15]蒋中明,傅胜,李尚高,等.高压引水隧洞陡倾角断层岩体高压压水试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(11):2318-2323.JIANG Zhong-ming,FU Sheng,LI Shang-gao,et al.High Pressure Permeability Test on Hydraulic Tun-nel with Steep Obliquity Faults Under High Pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(11):2318-2323.
[16]刘学增,滨田政则.活断层破坏在土体中传播的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):425-427.LI U Xue-zeng,HAMADA M.Experi ments on Rup-ture Propagation of Active Faults in Soil[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(3):425-427.
[17]邓龙胜,范文,彭建兵,等.倾滑断层对公路的致灾机理分析[J].安全与环境学报,2009,9(3):123-131.DENG Long-sheng,FAN Wen,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Study on the Break-down Mechanism of RoadStructure Induced by Dip-slip Active Fault[J].Jour-nal of Safety and Environment,2009,9(3):123-131.
[18]CLOUGH G W,DUNCANJ M.Finite Element Ana-lyses of Retaining Wall Behavior[J].Jour Soil Mech&Found Div,1971,97(12):1657-1673.
[19]BRANDT J R T.Behavior of Soil-concrete Interfaces[D].Alberta:The University of Alberta,1985.
[20]陈慧远.摩擦接触单元及其分析[J].水利学报,1985(4):44-49.CHEN Hui-yuan.Study on the Friction ContactElement[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985(4):44-49.
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