强震区山岭隧道振动台模型试验破坏形态分析
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摘要
采用大型振动台对强震区山岭隧道结构进行了模型试验研究,分析了隧道洞口段和洞身段结构及模型土的破坏形态,试验结果表明:在隧道洞口仰坡裂缝首先出现于拱腰,表层模型土裂缝呈"X"形分布;设置减震层对吸收地震波能量、减少岩土体与结构的裂缝数量效果明显;在隧道洞身段拱顶衬砌内缘出现拉裂性裂缝,边墙中部衬砌外缘出现拉裂性裂缝,仰拱与边墙交接处出现剪裂性裂缝,仰拱中部出现压裂性裂缝;在隧道洞身段进出口裂缝数量较多,但多数裂缝延伸至环向裂缝后终止,建议在破碎带附近设置一定数量的减震缝。
The model test is accomplished to a mountain tunnel structure in high-intensity earthquake area by the large-scale shaking table model,and the failure modes of the tunnel portal and body and model soil are analyzed.The results show that the cracks of the tunnel slope appear firstly at both tunnel hances and the cracks arise a "X"-shape distribution on the surface of the model soil;it is effective that the shock absorption layer can absorb seismic energy and reduce the number of cracks for the tunnel structure and the rock and soil;there is a tensile fracture at the inner edge of the tunnel vault or at the outer edge of both tunnel side-walls,while there is a shear fracture at the junction of the invert and side-wall and a compressive fracture with dislocation arise at the middle of the tunnel invert.There are a lot of cracks terminated after extending to the ring cracks at the body tunnel and a number of deformation joints are proposed near the broken belt.
The model test is accomplished to a mountain tunnel structure in high-intensity earthquake area by the large-scale shaking table model,and the failure modes of the tunnel portal and body and model soil are analyzed.The results show that the cracks of the tunnel slope appear firstly at both tunnel hances and the cracks arise a "X"-shape distribution on the surface of the model soil;it is effective that the shock absorption layer can absorb seismic energy and reduce the number of cracks for the tunnel structure and the rock and soil;there is a tensile fracture at the inner edge of the tunnel vault or at the outer edge of both tunnel side-walls,while there is a shear fracture at the junction of the invert and side-wall and a compressive fracture with dislocation arise at the middle of the tunnel invert.There are a lot of cracks terminated after extending to the ring cracks at the body tunnel and a number of deformation joints are proposed near the broken belt.
引文
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[2]邵根大,骆文海,李福庭.强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1992,13:92―109.Shao Genda,Luo Wenhai,Li Futing.An investigation on aseismic behaviours of railway tunnel lining during earthquake[J].China Railway Science,1992,13:92―109.(in Chinese)
[3]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验-试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):178―183.Chen Guoxing,Zhuang Haiyang,Cheng Shaoge.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction test scheme[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(6):178―183.(in Chinese)
[4]Chen G X,Zhuang H Y,Du X L.Large-size shaking table test on soil-underground structure interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(2):171―176.
[5]Dimitris Pitilakis,Matt Dietz,David Muir Wood.Numerical simulation of dynamic soil-structure interaction in shaking table testing[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(6):453―467.
[6]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来.软土地铁车站结构的振动台模型试验[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(1):7―11.Yang Linde,Ji Qianqian,Zheng Yonglai.Shaking table test on metro station structures in soft soil[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2003,40(1):7―11.(in Chinese)
[7]周德培.强震区隧道洞口段的动力特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(1):124―130.Zhou Depei.Dynamic behavior of portal part of tunnel subjected to strong ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(1):124―130.(in Chinese)
[8]周林聪,陈龙珠,宫必宁.地下结构地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(2):182―187.Zhou Lincong,Chen Longzhu,Gong Bining.Shaking table tests for the seismic simulation of underground structure[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(2):182―187.(in Chinese)
[9]李育枢.山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.Li Yushu.Study on earthquake responses and vibration-absorption measures for mountain tunnel[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006.(in Chinese)
[10]季倩倩,杨林德.地下铁道震害与震后修复措施[J].灾害学,2001,16(2):31―37.Ji Qianqian,Yang Linde.Seismic damage and restoration measures of subway[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(2):31―37.(in Chinese)
[11]Wang Z Z,Gao B.Seismic response analysis of the tunnel with accumulated damage and crack effect in shaking table test[C].The14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,China,2007:1―8.
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