隧道围岩爆破冲击损伤防护的轻气炮试验及数值模拟
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摘要
为减小爆破对隧道围岩的损伤破坏,在传统光面爆破装药结构基础上,设计了一种在炮孔一侧安放PVC-U材料来保护隧道围岩的装药结构,并分析了该装药结构在爆破过程中对隧道围岩损伤防护的机理。为进一步验证PVC-U管的防护效果,利用57 mm口径的一级轻气炮装置和LS-DYNA 3D软件进行了岩石冲击损伤破坏分析。结果表明:保护层能够降低岩石试件冲击面上的应力波峰值和减小试件的损伤程度;在相同冲击速度下,岩石试件冲击面上的应力波峰值随保护层厚度的增加而不断下降。加有厚4 mm保护层材料的岩石试件的损伤度较无保护层时降低了21.1%。对岩石试件的冲击过程进行的数值模拟验证了理论分析和试验结果的正确性。说明放置在炮孔内的PVC-U管能够对岩石的爆破损伤破坏起到一定的防护作用。
Based on traditional charge stucture of smooth blasting,a new stucture that packed PVC-U material beside blasthole was proposed for protecting tunnel surrounding rock.The working mechanism of the material to reduce impact damage toward tunnel surrounding rock was also investigated.For verifying the effect of PVC-U material to decrease surrounding rock's damage,the Ф57mm one-stage light-gas gun was used to perform experiments and the LS-DYNA software was used to analyze tests' data.Test's result indicated that with this protective layer can drop the stress peak and damage of rock sample'blasting surface;and with the same condition of impact velocity,the thicker the PVC-U material layer,the lower the blasting surface stress peak value;by using 4mm protective layer,the injury tolerance of rock test specimen reduces 21.1%;moreover,the validity of the theoretical analysis and the test results are checked by numerical simulation method;so,PVC-U material layer beside blast hole can reduce blasting damage of tunnel surrounding rock.
Based on traditional charge stucture of smooth blasting,a new stucture that packed PVC-U material beside blasthole was proposed for protecting tunnel surrounding rock.The working mechanism of the material to reduce impact damage toward tunnel surrounding rock was also investigated.For verifying the effect of PVC-U material to decrease surrounding rock's damage,the Ф57mm one-stage light-gas gun was used to perform experiments and the LS-DYNA software was used to analyze tests' data.Test's result indicated that with this protective layer can drop the stress peak and damage of rock sample'blasting surface;and with the same condition of impact velocity,the thicker the PVC-U material layer,the lower the blasting surface stress peak value;by using 4mm protective layer,the injury tolerance of rock test specimen reduces 21.1%;moreover,the validity of the theoretical analysis and the test results are checked by numerical simulation method;so,PVC-U material layer beside blast hole can reduce blasting damage of tunnel surrounding rock.
引文
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[2]Skvortsov V,Kepler J,Bozhevolnaya E.Energy partition forballistic penetration of sandwich panels[J].Int J Im。pactEng,2003,28:697-716.
[3]Guruprasad S,Ahhijit M.Layered sacrificial claddings underblast loading part I—analytical studies[J].Int J Impact Eng,2000,24:957—973.
[4]闫长斌,徐国元,杨飞.爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):88-93.
[5]颜峰,姜福兴.爆炸冲击载荷作用下岩石的损伤实验[J].爆炸与冲击,2009(3):275-280.
[6]张国华,陈礼彪,夏祥,等.大断面隧道爆破开挖围岩损伤范围试验研究及数值计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009(8):1610-1619.
[7]杨年华.预裂爆破对边坡岩体损伤的试验研究[J].铁道学报,2008,30(3):96-99.
[8]李俊如,夏祥,李海波.核电站基岩爆破开挖损伤区研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4674-4678.
[9]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1997.
[10]宗琦,陆鹏举,罗强.光面爆破空气垫层装药轴向不耦合系数理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6):1047-1051
[11]宗琦,孟德君.炮孔不同装药结构对爆破能量影响的理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):641-645.
[12]宇文惠鑫.炮孔双介质不耦合装药断裂控制爆破理论研究与数值模拟[D].太原理工大学,2006,45-46.
[13]郭学彬,张志呈.蒲传金,等.护壁爆破的基本原理与爆破效果的声波评价[J].爆破,2006,23(4):9-15.
[14]蒲传金,郭学彬,肖正学,等.护壁爆破动态应变测试及分析[J].煤炭学报,2008,30(10):1163-1167.
[15]逄焕东,陈士海.弹性介质中爆破地震波传播的分区变化规律研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(3):105-107.
[16]曲志明,周心权,巩伟平,等.大爆破爆炸冲击波在破碎岩体间传播的数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(12):60-62,100.
[17]王礼立,余同希,李永池.冲击动力学进展[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992,381?386.
[18]经福谦.实验物态方程导引[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,201-208.
[19]杨军.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999,83-87.
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