确定水下隧道覆盖层厚度的经验公式及其应用
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摘要
覆盖层厚度是水下隧道纵断面线路设计的主要参数之一,直接制约着工程的安全和造价。为了应对我国大规模建设的水下隧道的浪潮,必须给设计者提供确定覆盖层厚度的简便方法。对于不同的水深和开挖面积,编程求解了日本最小涌水量法的基本公式,并拟合出了经验公式。在介绍挪威经验曲线的基础上,对不同基岩纵波速度提出了相应的回归公式。根据大量数值计算的结果,利用最小位移法判据,分别针对Ⅱ～Ⅳ级围岩条件推导出了覆盖层厚度和开挖面积、水深之间的函数关系。最后,对各种方法的适用性进行了评价。
The overburden thickness of underwater tunnel is one of main issues in its longitudinal section design,and the construction cost and safety are directly governed by the overburden thickness.In order to cope with the tide of underwater tunnel construction in China,convenient methods for determining the overburden thickness must be provided to designers.The basic equation of Japanese minimum leakage method is derived by programming under different water depths and excavation areas.According to these results,the empirical formula is fitted.Regression formulas are presented for several longitudinal wave velocities in bedrock with the Norwegian empirical curves.Based on lots of numerical calculation results and the minimum displacement criterion,functional relationships of overburden thickness,the water depth and excavation area are derived forⅡ～Ⅳclasses of surrounding rock.In the end,the applicability of all the empirical formulas is evaluated.
The overburden thickness of underwater tunnel is one of main issues in its longitudinal section design,and the construction cost and safety are directly governed by the overburden thickness.In order to cope with the tide of underwater tunnel construction in China,convenient methods for determining the overburden thickness must be provided to designers.The basic equation of Japanese minimum leakage method is derived by programming under different water depths and excavation areas.According to these results,the empirical formula is fitted.Regression formulas are presented for several longitudinal wave velocities in bedrock with the Norwegian empirical curves.Based on lots of numerical calculation results and the minimum displacement criterion,functional relationships of overburden thickness,the water depth and excavation area are derived forⅡ～Ⅳclasses of surrounding rock.In the end,the applicability of all the empirical formulas is evaluated.
引文
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[15]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范(JTGD70-2004)[S]北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(Chongqing Communications Research and Design In-stitute.Code for Design of Road Tunnel(JTG D70-2004)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[16]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93.(Zhu Jingqing,Zhou Jian.A fluid mechanics basisfor estimating undersea ground motion[J]EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93.(in Chinese))
[2]金峰,胡卫,张楚汉,等.基于工程类比的小湾拱坝安全评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):2 027-2 033.(Jin Feng,Hu Wei,Zhang Chuhan,etal.Analogical project comparative study of safety evalu-ation for Xiaowan arch dam[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):2 027-2 033.(in Chinese))
[3]黄宏伟,杨新安.隧道锚喷支护设计的工程类比模糊经验法[J].隧道及地下工程,1997,18(3):52-56.(Huang Hongwei,Yang Xin’an.Analogy and fuzzyempirical method for tunnel bolting and shotcreting sup-port design[J].Tunnel and Underground Engineering,1997,18(3):52-56.(in Chinese))
[4]周海清,刘东升,陈正汉.工程类比法及其在滑坡治理工程中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(6):1 056-1 060.(Zhou Haiqing,Liu Dongsheng,Chen Zhenghan.Analogy method and its application inthe landslide control engineering[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2008,4(6):1 056-1 060.(in Chinese))
[5]杨志法,尚彦军,刘英.关于岩土工程类比法的研究[J].工程地质学报,1997,5(4):299-305.(Yang Zhi-fa,Shang Yanjun,Liu Ying.Study on the analogism ingeotechnical engineering[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,1997,5(4):299-305.(in Chinese))
[6]王梦恕.水下交通隧道发展现状与技术难题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2 161-2 172.(Wang Mengshu.Current developments and technicalissues of underwater traffic tunnel[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2 161-2 172.(in Chinese))
[7]李术才,徐帮树,丁万涛,等.海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的权函数法[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):989-996.(Li Shucai,Xu Bangshu,Ding Wantao,et al.Weighted function method for minimum rock coverthickness of subsea tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechan-ics,2009,30(4):989-996.(in Chinese))
[8]董国贤.水下公路隧道[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1984.(Dong Guoxian.Underwater highway tunnel[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1984.(in Chinese))
[9]Korehide Miyaguchi.Maintenance of the Kanmon Railway Tunnels[J],Tunneling and Underground SpaceTechnology,1986,1(3/4):307-314.
[10]Akira Kitamura.Technical Development for the SeikanTunnel[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Tech-nology,1986,1(3/4):341-349.
[11]Nilsen B.Empirical analysis of minimum rock coverfor subsea rock tunnels[J].Developments in Geotech-nical Engineering,1993,74:677-687.
[12]Nilsen B.Concept of Norwegian Subsea Tunnelling[R].International Seminar on Subsea and UnderwaterTunnels,June 2005,Beijing,China.
[13]Z.D.Eisenstein.Large Undersea Tunnels and theprogress of Tunnelling Technology[J].Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,1994,9(3),283-292.
[14]李树忱,张京伟,李术才,等.海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度的位移收敛法[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1 443-1 447.(Li Shuchen,Zhang Jingwei,Li Shucai,et al.Displacement convergence method for minimumrock cover above submarine tunnel[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2007,28(7):1 443-1 447.(in Chi-nese))
[15]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范(JTGD70-2004)[S]北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(Chongqing Communications Research and Design In-stitute.Code for Design of Road Tunnel(JTG D70-2004)[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[16]朱镜清,周建.海底地震动估计的一个流体力学基础[J].地震工程与工程振动,1991,11(3):87-93.(Zhu Jingqing,Zhou Jian.A fluid mechanics basisfor estimating undersea ground motion[J]EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1991,11(3):87-93.(in Chinese))
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