隧道突水灾害电阻率层析成像法实时监测数值模拟与试验研究
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摘要
突水灾害已成为危及隧道安全施工的重大问题,为了实现隧道突水灾变演化过程的监测和灾害预警,将电阻率层析成像法尝试引入到隧道突水的监测工作中,提出了一种基于图像灰度相关性理论的电阻率层析成像监测信息定量评价方法。首先,针对非地质缺陷类和地质缺陷类这两种典型的突水类型进行概化,得到了突水灾变演化过程不同阶段的地电模型,为隧道突水实时监测数值模拟奠定了基础。其次,采用有限单元法进行电阻率层析成像法突水实时监测数值模拟,揭示了电阻率图像对突水灾变演化过程的响应特征,通过对突水灾变演化过程电阻率图像灰度相关性的定量分析,发现相关性系数小于0.5(或0.3)的样本点数目大幅增多,且相关性分布和正演图像标准差急剧增大,是突水发生的重要前兆特征。最后,进行了隧道突水电阻率层析成像法实时监测模型试验,较准确地捕捉到了突水前兆信息,实现了突水灾害预警,表明电阻率层析成像法用于突水实时监测是可行的。
Water inrush hazard has been a major issue that seriously imperils safe construction of tunnels.In order to achieve real-time monitoring of evolution process of water inrush and disaster warning,the electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) method is introduced for monitoring water inrush in the tunnels.A quantitative evaluation method of ERT is proposed based on the gray correlation theory to quantitatively describe the monitoring information of water inrush.First,the two typical kinds of water inrush hazards caused by geological defects and non-geological defects are generalized,and geoelectric models of different stages during the evolution process of water inrush are acquired,which lays a foundation for numerical forward of real-time monitoring of water inrush of tunnels.Then,the finite element method is adopted to carry out the numerical forward,and the response characteristics of water inrush evolution process are revealed.ERT gray correlation quantitative analysis of water inrush process is done.Sample points whose correlation coefficient is less than 0.5 or 0.3 greatly increase,and the standard deviations of correlation distribution and forward image dramatically increase,which are an important precursory pattern when water inrush happens.Finally,model tests on ERT of water inrush of tunnel are performed,and precursor information of water inrush is captured well and disaster early-warning of water inrush is realized,which shows it is feasible that ERT is applied to real-time monitoring.
Water inrush hazard has been a major issue that seriously imperils safe construction of tunnels.In order to achieve real-time monitoring of evolution process of water inrush and disaster warning,the electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) method is introduced for monitoring water inrush in the tunnels.A quantitative evaluation method of ERT is proposed based on the gray correlation theory to quantitatively describe the monitoring information of water inrush.First,the two typical kinds of water inrush hazards caused by geological defects and non-geological defects are generalized,and geoelectric models of different stages during the evolution process of water inrush are acquired,which lays a foundation for numerical forward of real-time monitoring of water inrush of tunnels.Then,the finite element method is adopted to carry out the numerical forward,and the response characteristics of water inrush evolution process are revealed.ERT gray correlation quantitative analysis of water inrush process is done.Sample points whose correlation coefficient is less than 0.5 or 0.3 greatly increase,and the standard deviations of correlation distribution and forward image dramatically increase,which are an important precursory pattern when water inrush happens.Finally,model tests on ERT of water inrush of tunnel are performed,and precursor information of water inrush is captured well and disaster early-warning of water inrush is realized,which shows it is feasible that ERT is applied to real-time monitoring.
引文
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[8]ARISTODEMOU E,THOMAS-BETTS A.DC resistivity andinduced polarization investigations at a waste disposal siteand its environments[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,44(2/3):275–302.
[9]PIEGARI E,CATAUDELLA V,MAIO R D,et al.Electricalresistivity tomography and statistical analysis in landslidemodelling:a conceptual approach[J].Journal of AppliedGeophysics,2009,68(2):151–158.
[10]聂利超,李术才,刘斌,等.电阻率层析成像法探测滑坡面正演模拟与反演成像研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2873–2879.(NIE Li-chao,LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,et al.Numerical forward and inversion imaging research ofelectrical resistivity tomography method to detectionlandslide-face location[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2873–2879.(in Chinese))
[11]刘树才,刘鑫明,姜志海,等.煤层底板导水裂隙演化规律的电法探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):348–356.(LIU Shu-cai,LIU Xin-ming,JIANG Zhi-hai,etal.Research on electrical prediction for evaluating waterconducting fracture floor[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):348–356.(inChinese))
[12]刘盛东,王勃,周冠群,等.基于地下水渗流中地电场响应的矿井水害预警实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):267–272.(LIU Sheng-dong,WANG Bo,ZHOU Guan-qun,et al.Experimental research on mine floorwater hazard early warning based on response of geoelectricfield in groundwater seepage[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):267–272.(inChinese))
[13]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.电阻率层析成像法监测系统在矿井突水模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):297–306.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.Application of electrical resistivity tomographymonitoring system to mine water inrush model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):297–306.(in Chinese))
[14]张爱华,王亮.基于时变图像序列的脉搏信息提取[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(5):820–825.(ZHANG Ai-hua,WANG Liang.Information detection of pulse wave base ontime-varying images[J].Chinese Journal of ScientificInstrument,2007,28(5):820–825.(in Chinese))
[15]马少鹏,刘善军,赵永红.数字图像灰度相关性用以描述岩石试件损伤演化的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):590–595.(MA Shao-peng,LIU Shan-jun,ZHAOYong-hong.Gray correlation of digital images from loadedrock specimen surface to evaluate its damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):590–595.(in Chinese))
[16]雷冬,乔丕忠,李昂,等.岩石动力破坏的高速数字图像相关研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):274–277.(LEI Dong,QIAO Pi-zhong,LI Ang,et al.High-speed digitalimage correlation studies for dynamic damage of rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):274–277.(inChinese))
[17]邹德蕴,武超,张绪言,等.应用岩体电阻率预测岩体失稳的可行性研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(1):51–54.(ZOU De-yun,WU Chao,ZHANG Xu-yan,et al.Feasibility study of the prediction for rock massdestabilization by applying rock mass resistivity[J].CoalGeology and Exploration,2003,31(1):51–54.(in Chinese))
[18]王俊璇,赵明阶,苏初明.岩石在受载条件下电阻率变化特征研究综述[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(3):419–423.(WANG Jun-xuan,ZHAO Ming-jie,SUChu-ming.Research review of resistivity variationcharacteristics under load conditions on rock[J].Journal ofChongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2011,30(3):419–423.(in Chinese))
[19]张朋,王一,刘盛东,等.工作面底板变形与破坏电阻率特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(1):64–67.(ZHANG Peng,WANG Yi,LIU Sheng-dong,et al.Resistivity characteristic of deformation and failure of floorin workface[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2011,39(1):64–67.(in Chinese))
[20]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机理及其应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.(LI Li-ping.Study oncatastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and itsengineering application of high risk karst tunnel[D].Ji'nan:Shandong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]ZAREI H R,UROMEIHY A,SHARIFZADEH M.Evaluationof high local groundwater inflow to a rock tunnel bycharacterization of geological features[J].Tunnelling andUnderground Space Technology,2011,26(2):364–373.
[3]LI Xue-ping,LI Yu-nan,ZHOU Shun-ping.Study andapplication of forecasting system for water inrush under highpressure in Xiamen submarine tunnel construction based onGIS[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(B):999–1005.
[4]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268–277.(YANG Tian-hong,TANG Chun-an,TAN Zhi-hong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rockmass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecastof groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268–277.(inChinese))
[5]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(JIANG Fu-xing,YE Gen-xi,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoringtechnique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(in Chinese))
[6]李铁,纪洪广.矿井不明水体突出过程的微震辨识技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):134–139.(LI Tie,JI Hong-guang.Identification of water inrush process ofunknown water body using microseismic monitoringtehcnique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(1):134–139.(in Chinese))
[7]冯锐,郝锦绮,周建国.地震监测中的电阻率层析技术[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(6):833–843.(FENG Rui,HAO Jin-qi,ZHOU Jian-guo.Resistivity tomography inearthquake monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of geophysics,2001,44(6):833–843.(in Chinese))
[8]ARISTODEMOU E,THOMAS-BETTS A.DC resistivity andinduced polarization investigations at a waste disposal siteand its environments[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,44(2/3):275–302.
[9]PIEGARI E,CATAUDELLA V,MAIO R D,et al.Electricalresistivity tomography and statistical analysis in landslidemodelling:a conceptual approach[J].Journal of AppliedGeophysics,2009,68(2):151–158.
[10]聂利超,李术才,刘斌,等.电阻率层析成像法探测滑坡面正演模拟与反演成像研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2873–2879.(NIE Li-chao,LI Shu-cai,LIU Bin,et al.Numerical forward and inversion imaging research ofelectrical resistivity tomography method to detectionlandslide-face location[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2873–2879.(in Chinese))
[11]刘树才,刘鑫明,姜志海,等.煤层底板导水裂隙演化规律的电法探测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):348–356.(LIU Shu-cai,LIU Xin-ming,JIANG Zhi-hai,etal.Research on electrical prediction for evaluating waterconducting fracture floor[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):348–356.(inChinese))
[12]刘盛东,王勃,周冠群,等.基于地下水渗流中地电场响应的矿井水害预警实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):267–272.(LIU Sheng-dong,WANG Bo,ZHOU Guan-qun,et al.Experimental research on mine floorwater hazard early warning based on response of geoelectricfield in groundwater seepage[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):267–272.(inChinese))
[13]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.电阻率层析成像法监测系统在矿井突水模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):297–306.(LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.Application of electrical resistivity tomographymonitoring system to mine water inrush model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):297–306.(in Chinese))
[14]张爱华,王亮.基于时变图像序列的脉搏信息提取[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(5):820–825.(ZHANG Ai-hua,WANG Liang.Information detection of pulse wave base ontime-varying images[J].Chinese Journal of ScientificInstrument,2007,28(5):820–825.(in Chinese))
[15]马少鹏,刘善军,赵永红.数字图像灰度相关性用以描述岩石试件损伤演化的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):590–595.(MA Shao-peng,LIU Shan-jun,ZHAOYong-hong.Gray correlation of digital images from loadedrock specimen surface to evaluate its damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):590–595.(in Chinese))
[16]雷冬,乔丕忠,李昂,等.岩石动力破坏的高速数字图像相关研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):274–277.(LEI Dong,QIAO Pi-zhong,LI Ang,et al.High-speed digitalimage correlation studies for dynamic damage of rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):274–277.(inChinese))
[17]邹德蕴,武超,张绪言,等.应用岩体电阻率预测岩体失稳的可行性研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003,31(1):51–54.(ZOU De-yun,WU Chao,ZHANG Xu-yan,et al.Feasibility study of the prediction for rock massdestabilization by applying rock mass resistivity[J].CoalGeology and Exploration,2003,31(1):51–54.(in Chinese))
[18]王俊璇,赵明阶,苏初明.岩石在受载条件下电阻率变化特征研究综述[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(3):419–423.(WANG Jun-xuan,ZHAO Ming-jie,SUChu-ming.Research review of resistivity variationcharacteristics under load conditions on rock[J].Journal ofChongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2011,30(3):419–423.(in Chinese))
[19]张朋,王一,刘盛东,等.工作面底板变形与破坏电阻率特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2011,39(1):64–67.(ZHANG Peng,WANG Yi,LIU Sheng-dong,et al.Resistivity characteristic of deformation and failure of floorin workface[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2011,39(1):64–67.(in Chinese))
[20]李利平.高风险岩溶隧道突水灾变演化机理及其应用研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.(LI Li-ping.Study oncatastrophe evolution mechanism of karst water inrush and itsengineering application of high risk karst tunnel[D].Ji'nan:Shandong University,2009.(in Chinese))
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