偏移成像与希尔伯特变换在地质雷达探测隧道裂隙流水通道中的应用
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摘要
隧道施工容易破坏岩溶裂隙水流通通道,导致局部性的地下水位急剧下降和地表水的干涸,严重影响隧道周围居民生活.地质雷达是隧道工程中常用的地球物理仪器,当应用该仪器进行勘探时,如果勘探表层存在密集钢筋干扰就会导致深部病害难以识别.工程中应用地质雷达在隧道内探测隧道路面地下水分布时,由于隧道路面表层存在的钢筋网的影响,导致雷达数据剖面深部振幅较小,异常难以识别.本文首先进行了地质雷达二维有限差分数值模拟方法,研究了表层密集钢筋对深部含水裂隙通道识别造成的影响情况,并通过对模拟数据进行偏移成像和希尔伯特振幅变换处理,压制了表层强反射的干扰,研究了含水裂隙通道的典型异常特征;最后以郴宁高速公路某隧道为例,应用本文提出的方法,压制了隧底路面下密集钢筋的影响,准确探测出了含水裂隙通道的空间分布情况,证明本文提出的方法的可行性.
he karst fissure water channels will be easily destroyed in the construction of tunnel,and it severely affects the everyday life of the local residents with the localized sharp declining of groundwater and the drying up of surface water.Ground-penetrating radar(GPR) is a geophysical instrument which is commonly used in the tunnel engineering.It is difficult to identify the deep defects when the steels are densely covered on the road surface of the tunnel when we using the GPR to detect the abnormalities.In the engineering applications,when using GPR to detect the distribution of the underground water under the tunnel road,it is hard to identify the abnormalities because the amplitude of radar data which is in the deep department of the section becomes very small, and this due to the existence of the steel mesh which lies on the surface of the tunnel road.In this paper,with the simulation method of two-dimensional finite difference numerical,firstly researched the impacts of the densely covered steels to the identification of the deep karst fissure water channel.Then processed the simulated data,the strong surface reflex interference is suppressed with the migration and Hilbert transform methods and studied the typical abnormal characteristics of the karst fissure water channels.Finally,take a tunnel of Chen-Ning Expressway for example,the impacts of densely covered steel which under the road surface of the tunnel is suppressed with the methods of the migration and Hilbert transform proposed in this paper,the spatial distribution of karst fissure water channels are detected accurately,and this proved that the method which was proposed in this paper is feasible.
he karst fissure water channels will be easily destroyed in the construction of tunnel,and it severely affects the everyday life of the local residents with the localized sharp declining of groundwater and the drying up of surface water.Ground-penetrating radar(GPR) is a geophysical instrument which is commonly used in the tunnel engineering.It is difficult to identify the deep defects when the steels are densely covered on the road surface of the tunnel when we using the GPR to detect the abnormalities.In the engineering applications,when using GPR to detect the distribution of the underground water under the tunnel road,it is hard to identify the abnormalities because the amplitude of radar data which is in the deep department of the section becomes very small, and this due to the existence of the steel mesh which lies on the surface of the tunnel road.In this paper,with the simulation method of two-dimensional finite difference numerical,firstly researched the impacts of the densely covered steels to the identification of the deep karst fissure water channel.Then processed the simulated data,the strong surface reflex interference is suppressed with the migration and Hilbert transform methods and studied the typical abnormal characteristics of the karst fissure water channels.Finally,take a tunnel of Chen-Ning Expressway for example,the impacts of densely covered steel which under the road surface of the tunnel is suppressed with the methods of the migration and Hilbert transform proposed in this paper,the spatial distribution of karst fissure water channels are detected accurately,and this proved that the method which was proposed in this paper is feasible.
引文
[1]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇,等.隧道地质超前预报研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):460-464.Zhao Y G,Liu H,Sun N,et al.Research progress in tunnel geological prediction[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,18(3):460-464.
[2]曾校丰,许维进,钱荣毅,等.水库坝体结构层的地质雷达高分辨率探测[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):105-109.Zeng X F,Xu W J,Qian R Y,et al.Ground penetrationg radar high resolution exploration reservoir dam structure layer[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,15(4):105-109.
[3]郝明,李玮,郭志强.采用物探技术进行路基挡土墙质量检测的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):440-444.Hao M,Li W,Guo Z Q.Physical prospecting used to test the quality of retaining walls in roadbed project[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,18(3):440-444.
[4]曾昭发,田钢,丁凯.宽带探地雷达系统研究及在工程检测的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):455-460.Zeng Z F,Tian G,Ding D.The broadband GPR system study and its application in engineer inspecting[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,18(3):455-460.
[5]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.Li S C,Li S C,Zhang Q S,et al.Forecast of karst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(2):217-225.
[6]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇,等.隧道地质超前预报研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):460-464.Zhao Y G,Liu H,Sun Y,et al.Research progress in tunnel geological prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(3):460-464.
[7]王春辉,刘四新,黄玲,等.探地雷达方法测量近地表含水量模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):737-741.Wang C H,Liu S X,Huang L,et al.Measurement of near surface water content using ground-penetrating radar-a simulation study[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):737-741.
[8]刘四新,曾昭发,徐波.利用钻孔雷达探测地下含水裂缝[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):620-624.Liu S X,Zeng Z F,Xu B.Subsurface water-filled fractures detection by borehole radar[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(2):620-624.
[9]刘人太,李术才,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水探测方法优化与工程治理研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1095-1100,1107.Liu R T,Li S C,Zhang Q S,et al.Research on optimization of karst fissure water exploration methods and engineering countermeasures[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2011,32(4):1095-1100,1107.
[10]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Li D X.The Methods and Applications of GPR(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.
[11]Di Q Y,Wang M Y.Migration of ground-penetrating radardata with a finite-element method that considers attenuation and dispersion[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):472.
[12]李学聪,刘伊克,常旭,等.基于F-K偏移和反偏移的地震道插值方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2020-2029.Liu X C,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Interpolation for seismic trances based on F-K migration and demigration[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2020-2029.
[13]Stolt R H.Migration by fourier transform.Geophysics,1978,43(1):23-48.
[14]Hussain R T,Sandham W A,Chapman R.Application of migration to ground probing radars.IEEE,1988,2:1208-1211.
[15]杨锴,王毓玮,王华忠,等.基于偏移/反偏移的地震数据映像方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):7-16.Yang K,Wang Y W,Wang H Z,et al.Seismic data mapping based migration and demigration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(1):7-16.
[16]谢雄耀,万明浩.复信号分析技术在地质雷达信号处理中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):108-112.Xie X Y,Wan M H.The application of complex signal analysis to process ground penetrating radar data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2000,22(2):108-112.
[17]余志雄,薛桂玉,周创兵.复信号分析技术及其在地质雷达数字处理中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):798-802.Yu Z X,Xue G Y,Zhou C B.Application of complex signal analysis to process ground penetrating radar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2005,24(5):798-802.
[18]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.地震资料的高阶伪希尔伯特变换边缘检测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1106-1110.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J.Seismic data edge detection based on higher-order pseudo Hilbert transform[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,23(4):1106-1110.
[19]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(5):1041-1063.
[20]张英德,刘江平,刘良琼.Hilbert变换在地质雷达数据处理中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(4):349-352.Zhang Y D,Liu J P,Liu L Q.Application of Hilbert transform in the georadar data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,1(4):349-352.
[21]戴前伟,冯德山,王启龙,等.时域有限差分法在地质雷达二维正演模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):898-902.Dai Q W,Feng D S,Wang Q L,et al.The apply of finite difference time domain method in Ground Penetrating Radar two-dimension forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):898-902.
[22]Yee K S.Numerical Solution of Initial boundary value problems Involving Maxwll's Equations in Isotropic Media[J].IEEE Trans.,1966,14(3):302.
[23]刘四新,曾昭发.频散介质中地质雷达波传播的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):320-326.Liu S X,Zeng Z F.Numerical simulation for Ground Penetrating Radar wave propagation in the dispersive medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):320-326.
[24]De Menezes Travassos J,De Traso Luiz Menezes P.GPR exploration for groundwater in a crystalline rock terrain[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2004,55(3-4):239-248.
[2]曾校丰,许维进,钱荣毅,等.水库坝体结构层的地质雷达高分辨率探测[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):105-109.Zeng X F,Xu W J,Qian R Y,et al.Ground penetrationg radar high resolution exploration reservoir dam structure layer[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,15(4):105-109.
[3]郝明,李玮,郭志强.采用物探技术进行路基挡土墙质量检测的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):440-444.Hao M,Li W,Guo Z Q.Physical prospecting used to test the quality of retaining walls in roadbed project[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,18(3):440-444.
[4]曾昭发,田钢,丁凯.宽带探地雷达系统研究及在工程检测的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):455-460.Zeng Z F,Tian G,Ding D.The broadband GPR system study and its application in engineer inspecting[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,18(3):455-460.
[5]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.Li S C,Li S C,Zhang Q S,et al.Forecast of karst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(2):217-225.
[6]赵永贵,刘浩,孙宇,等.隧道地质超前预报研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):460-464.Zhao Y G,Liu H,Sun Y,et al.Research progress in tunnel geological prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(3):460-464.
[7]王春辉,刘四新,黄玲,等.探地雷达方法测量近地表含水量模拟研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):737-741.Wang C H,Liu S X,Huang L,et al.Measurement of near surface water content using ground-penetrating radar-a simulation study[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):737-741.
[8]刘四新,曾昭发,徐波.利用钻孔雷达探测地下含水裂缝[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):620-624.Liu S X,Zeng Z F,Xu B.Subsurface water-filled fractures detection by borehole radar[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,21(2):620-624.
[9]刘人太,李术才,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水探测方法优化与工程治理研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(4):1095-1100,1107.Liu R T,Li S C,Zhang Q S,et al.Research on optimization of karst fissure water exploration methods and engineering countermeasures[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),2011,32(4):1095-1100,1107.
[10]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Li D X.The Methods and Applications of GPR(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.
[11]Di Q Y,Wang M Y.Migration of ground-penetrating radardata with a finite-element method that considers attenuation and dispersion[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):472.
[12]李学聪,刘伊克,常旭,等.基于F-K偏移和反偏移的地震道插值方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(6):2020-2029.Liu X C,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Interpolation for seismic trances based on F-K migration and demigration[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(6):2020-2029.
[13]Stolt R H.Migration by fourier transform.Geophysics,1978,43(1):23-48.
[14]Hussain R T,Sandham W A,Chapman R.Application of migration to ground probing radars.IEEE,1988,2:1208-1211.
[15]杨锴,王毓玮,王华忠,等.基于偏移/反偏移的地震数据映像方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):7-16.Yang K,Wang Y W,Wang H Z,et al.Seismic data mapping based migration and demigration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(1):7-16.
[16]谢雄耀,万明浩.复信号分析技术在地质雷达信号处理中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):108-112.Xie X Y,Wan M H.The application of complex signal analysis to process ground penetrating radar data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2000,22(2):108-112.
[17]余志雄,薛桂玉,周创兵.复信号分析技术及其在地质雷达数字处理中的应用[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):798-802.Yu Z X,Xue G Y,Zhou C B.Application of complex signal analysis to process ground penetrating radar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2005,24(5):798-802.
[18]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.地震资料的高阶伪希尔伯特变换边缘检测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1106-1110.Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J.Seismic data edge detection based on higher-order pseudo Hilbert transform[J].Progress Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,23(4):1106-1110.
[19]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(5):1041-1063.
[20]张英德,刘江平,刘良琼.Hilbert变换在地质雷达数据处理中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(4):349-352.Zhang Y D,Liu J P,Liu L Q.Application of Hilbert transform in the georadar data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,1(4):349-352.
[21]戴前伟,冯德山,王启龙,等.时域有限差分法在地质雷达二维正演模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):898-902.Dai Q W,Feng D S,Wang Q L,et al.The apply of finite difference time domain method in Ground Penetrating Radar two-dimension forward simulate[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):898-902.
[22]Yee K S.Numerical Solution of Initial boundary value problems Involving Maxwll's Equations in Isotropic Media[J].IEEE Trans.,1966,14(3):302.
[23]刘四新,曾昭发.频散介质中地质雷达波传播的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):320-326.Liu S X,Zeng Z F.Numerical simulation for Ground Penetrating Radar wave propagation in the dispersive medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):320-326.
[24]De Menezes Travassos J,De Traso Luiz Menezes P.GPR exploration for groundwater in a crystalline rock terrain[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2004,55(3-4):239-248.
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