高速铁路内侧护轨参数对防脱轨特性影响的分析
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摘要
轨道车辆在行驶过程中,由于突然情况,可能会产生轮轨非常规碰撞,甚至脱轨,这对于运行在高架桥上的高速列车来说,将导致灾难性的后果。虽然高速铁路设立了信息监管系统及控制系统以保证其行车安全性,但历史告诉我们,采取硬件防护方案更是十分必要的。护轨能够在车轮爬轨初阶段对车轮施加约束力,迫使其复位,降低车辆一次伤害的概率,起到防车轮脱轨的作用。文章分析了稳定状态下单轮对内侧护轨面的几个关键参数对防脱轨特性的影响,并与传统轮轨接触的脱轨条件进行了对比。结果表明,造成护轨失效的车轴处横向力临界值是传统轮轨接触临界值的5倍以上,且护轨斜面斜度的减小,防护能力有一定增强,说明在高速铁路上加装内侧护轨是有必要的,能大大减小脱轨概率。
For rail vehicle during the running,the abnormal wheel /rail collision,even derailment may occur due to emergency.Especially for high speed train running on the viaduct,this will result in catastrophic consequences.Although the information supervision system and control system are installed on the high-speed railway to guarantee the running safety,the history tells us that it is necessary to take physical protection measures.Guardrail exerts constraint force to wheel at early stage of climbing rail to enforce wheel back into normal position,which reduces the first damage probability of vehicle and prevents derailment.An analysis is made on effect of several key parameters for guardrail surface inside the single wheel-set against derailment character in steady state and a comparison is made with derailment conditions of conventional wheel / rail contact.The result shows that transverse force critical value causing guardrail failure at the axis is 5 times than that of conventional contact,and the decrease of guardrail gradient makes protection capability stronger.So it is necessary to install the inner-side guardrail on the high-speed track,which can greatly reduce the chance of derailment.
For rail vehicle during the running,the abnormal wheel /rail collision,even derailment may occur due to emergency.Especially for high speed train running on the viaduct,this will result in catastrophic consequences.Although the information supervision system and control system are installed on the high-speed railway to guarantee the running safety,the history tells us that it is necessary to take physical protection measures.Guardrail exerts constraint force to wheel at early stage of climbing rail to enforce wheel back into normal position,which reduces the first damage probability of vehicle and prevents derailment.An analysis is made on effect of several key parameters for guardrail surface inside the single wheel-set against derailment character in steady state and a comparison is made with derailment conditions of conventional wheel / rail contact.The result shows that transverse force critical value causing guardrail failure at the axis is 5 times than that of conventional contact,and the decrease of guardrail gradient makes protection capability stronger.So it is necessary to install the inner-side guardrail on the high-speed track,which can greatly reduce the chance of derailment.
引文
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[2]谭光宇,陶然.新型护轮轨的安装与使用[J].铁道建筑,2006(11):98-99.TAN Guangyu,TAO Ran.Installation and Use of New Guardrail[J].Railway Engineering,2006(11):98-99.
[3]王铁男.新型弹性减磨防脱护轮轨装置的安装与使用[J].铁道建筑,2008(5):93-94.WANG Tienan.Installation and Use of New-type Elastic Wear-reducing Derail-preventing Guardrail Device[J].Railway Engineering,2008(5):93-94.
[4]冉蕾,冯健,李俊玺.城市轨道交通高架桥防脱护轨设计研究[J].铁道标准设计,2011(1):42-44.RAN Lei,FENG Jian,LI Junxi.Design on Derailment Guard Rail Device for Elevated Bridge in Urban Mass Transit[J].Railway Standard Design,2011(1):42-44.
[5]刘克鲜.日本新干线正式实施防止地震导致车辆脱轨的措施[J].国外铁道车辆,2007(3):44.LIU Kexian.Measures for Preventing Car Derailment on Japanese Shinkansen Caused by Earthquake[J].Foreign Rolling Stock,2007(3):44.
[6]周诗广,郑健.日本高速铁路的地震对策[J].铁道工程学报,2008(12):35-43.ZHOU Shiguang,ZHENG Jian.Earthquake Countermeasure of Japan's High-speed Railway[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008(12):35-43.
[7]练松良.轨道工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.LIAN Songliang.Track Engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2009.
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