穿越黏滑错动断层隧道减震层减震技术模型试验研究
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摘要
为研究断层黏滑错动因素影响下隧道初支和二衬之间设置减震层的减震技术,开展了不同减震层厚度的大型模型试验。首先制定了试验方案,主要包括相似系数、试验装置及材料、试验分组及测试方案。然后,介绍了试验过程。最后,对试验数据进行了分析,主要从结构内力、纵向应变及接触压力3个方面进行研究。试验结果表明:断层黏滑错动对上盘部分的影响远大于下盘部分;减震层对上盘部分隧道结构的减震效果明显好于下盘;减震层(10 cm)工况减震效果明显优于减震层(5 cm)和减震层(20 cm)工况,推荐使用在初支与二衬之间设置厚为10 cm减震层的减震方式。研究成果对于穿越黏滑断层隧道的减震设计及减震技术有着重要的意义。
In order to study the damping shake technology of shock absorption layer between the primary lining and the secondary lining under the influence of fault stick-slip movement,large-scale model tests on the shock absorption layers with different thicknesses are conducted.Firstly,the test schemes are proposed,including the similarity factor,test facilities and materials test grouping.Then,the test process is introduced.Finally,the test data are analyzed,mainly including three aspects of structural internal force,longitudinal strain and contact pressure of tunnel vault.The results show that the effect of fault stick-slip movement of hanging wall is larger than that of footwall.The damping effect of hanging wall tunnel setting shock absorption layer is significantly better than that of footwall.The damping effect of shock absorption layer(thickness of 10 cm) between the primary lining and the secondary lining is significantly better than that of shock absorption layer(thickness between 5 and 20 cm).So,the damping mode of shock absorption layer(thickness of 10 cm) between the primary lining and the secondary lining is recommended.This study is significant to the damping design and technology of tunnels crossing stick-slip faults.
In order to study the damping shake technology of shock absorption layer between the primary lining and the secondary lining under the influence of fault stick-slip movement,large-scale model tests on the shock absorption layers with different thicknesses are conducted.Firstly,the test schemes are proposed,including the similarity factor,test facilities and materials test grouping.Then,the test process is introduced.Finally,the test data are analyzed,mainly including three aspects of structural internal force,longitudinal strain and contact pressure of tunnel vault.The results show that the effect of fault stick-slip movement of hanging wall is larger than that of footwall.The damping effect of hanging wall tunnel setting shock absorption layer is significantly better than that of footwall.The damping effect of shock absorption layer(thickness of 10 cm) between the primary lining and the secondary lining is significantly better than that of shock absorption layer(thickness between 5 and 20 cm).So,the damping mode of shock absorption layer(thickness of 10 cm) between the primary lining and the secondary lining is recommended.This study is significant to the damping design and technology of tunnels crossing stick-slip faults.
引文
[1]崔光耀.隧道洞口浅埋段和断裂黏滑段抗震设计计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.(CUI Guang-yao.The seismic design calculation method and test study of tunnel shallow-buried portal and rupture stick-slipping section[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[2]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011,22(1):122–127.(CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,LIN Guo-jin,et al.Statistical analysis of earthquake damage types of typical highway tunnel lining structure in Wenchuan seismic disastrous area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2011,22(1):122–127.(in Chinese))
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[5]王明年,崔光耀.高烈度地震区隧道减震模型的建立及其减震效果模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1884–1890.(WANG Ming-nian,CUI Guang-yao.Establishment of tunnel damping model and research on damping effect with model test in highly seismic area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1884–1890.(in Chinese))
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[7]蒋树屏,文栋良,郑升.嘎隆拉隧道洞口段地震响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):649–656.(JIANG Shu-ping,WEN Dong-liang,ZHENG Sheng.Large-scale shaking table test for seismic response in portal section of galongla tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,30(4):649–656.(in Chinese))
[8]申玉生,高波,王英学.强震区山岭隧道洞口段结构动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3131–3136.(SHENG Yu-sheng,GAO Bo,WANG Ying-xue.Structural dynamic properties analysis for portal partof mountain tunnel in strong earthquake area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,28(S1):3131–3136.(in Chinese))
[9]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1084–1091.(CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,YU Li,et al.Analysis of seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnel in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1084–1091.(in Chinese))
[10]孙铁成.双洞错距山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.(SUN Tie-cheng.Study on earthquake responses and vibration-absorption measures for two-tunnels of mountain tunnel with staggered space[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]高峰,石玉成,严松宏,等.隧道的两种减震措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):222–229.(GAO Feng,SHI Yu-cheng,YAN Song-hong,et al.Study of two shock absorption measures in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):222–229.(in Chinese))
[12]熊良宵,李天斌,杨林德.隧道两种减震措施的数值模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(4):36–40.(XIONG Liang-xiao,LI Tian-bin,YANG Lin-de.Study on numerical simulation of two shock absorption measures in tunnel[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2007(4):36–40.(in Chinese))
[13]索然绪,李乐洲,邓彬.双连拱隧道两种减震措施研究[J].公路隧道,2008(4):15–18.(SUO Ran-xu,LI Le-zhou,DENG Bin.Study of two shock absorption measures in double-arch tunnel[J].Highway Tunnel,2008(4):15–18.(in Chinese))
[14]凌燕婷,高波.高烈度地震区双线公路隧道减震措施研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(4):412–415.(LING Yan-ting,GAO Bo.Study on shock absorption measures for double-lane highway tunnels in high earthquake intensity regions[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(4):412–415.(in Chinese))
[15]高丽,陈燕华.基于ANSYS的隧道减震措施及分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(4):495–498.(GAO Li,CHEN Yan-hua.Analysis and shock absorption measures of tunnel based on ANSYS[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2008,26(4):495–498.(in Chinese))
[2]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011,22(1):122–127.(CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,LIN Guo-jin,et al.Statistical analysis of earthquake damage types of typical highway tunnel lining structure in Wenchuan seismic disastrous area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2011,22(1):122–127.(in Chinese))
[3]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336–374.(GAO Bo,WANG Zheng-zheng,YUAN Song,et al.Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336–374.(in Chinese))
[4]王明年,崔光耀.高烈度地震区隧道设置减震层的减震原理研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,48(8):126–131.(WANG Ming-nian,CUI Guang-yao.Study of the mechanism of shock absorption layer in the supporting system of tunnels in highly seismic areas[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,48(8):126–131.(in Chinese))
[5]王明年,崔光耀.高烈度地震区隧道减震模型的建立及其减震效果模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1884–1890.(WANG Ming-nian,CUI Guang-yao.Establishment of tunnel damping model and research on damping effect with model test in highly seismic area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1884–1890.(in Chinese))
[6]王明年,于丽,林国进,等.公路隧道抗震及减震[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.(WANG Ming-nian,YU Li,LIN Guo-jin,et al.Tunnel seismic and shock absorption[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[7]蒋树屏,文栋良,郑升.嘎隆拉隧道洞口段地震响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):649–656.(JIANG Shu-ping,WEN Dong-liang,ZHENG Sheng.Large-scale shaking table test for seismic response in portal section of galongla tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,30(4):649–656.(in Chinese))
[8]申玉生,高波,王英学.强震区山岭隧道洞口段结构动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3131–3136.(SHENG Yu-sheng,GAO Bo,WANG Ying-xue.Structural dynamic properties analysis for portal partof mountain tunnel in strong earthquake area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,28(S1):3131–3136.(in Chinese))
[9]崔光耀,王明年,于丽,等.汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1084–1091.(CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,YU Li,et al.Analysis of seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnel in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1084–1091.(in Chinese))
[10]孙铁成.双洞错距山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.(SUN Tie-cheng.Study on earthquake responses and vibration-absorption measures for two-tunnels of mountain tunnel with staggered space[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[11]高峰,石玉成,严松宏,等.隧道的两种减震措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):222–229.(GAO Feng,SHI Yu-cheng,YAN Song-hong,et al.Study of two shock absorption measures in tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):222–229.(in Chinese))
[12]熊良宵,李天斌,杨林德.隧道两种减震措施的数值模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(4):36–40.(XIONG Liang-xiao,LI Tian-bin,YANG Lin-de.Study on numerical simulation of two shock absorption measures in tunnel[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2007(4):36–40.(in Chinese))
[13]索然绪,李乐洲,邓彬.双连拱隧道两种减震措施研究[J].公路隧道,2008(4):15–18.(SUO Ran-xu,LI Le-zhou,DENG Bin.Study of two shock absorption measures in double-arch tunnel[J].Highway Tunnel,2008(4):15–18.(in Chinese))
[14]凌燕婷,高波.高烈度地震区双线公路隧道减震措施研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(4):412–415.(LING Yan-ting,GAO Bo.Study on shock absorption measures for double-lane highway tunnels in high earthquake intensity regions[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(4):412–415.(in Chinese))
[15]高丽,陈燕华.基于ANSYS的隧道减震措施及分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2008,26(4):495–498.(GAO Li,CHEN Yan-hua.Analysis and shock absorption measures of tunnel based on ANSYS[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2008,26(4):495–498.(in Chinese))
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