突出河道砂体地质特征的地震保幅处理技术:以松辽盆地北部扶余油层为例
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摘要
松辽盆地北部扶余油层的有效储层主要是河道砂体。由于河道砂体厚度薄(一般小于5 m),砂泥岩波阻抗差异小,加之砂、泥岩薄互层叠置,使得河道砂体地震响应弱,特征不明显,地震识别河道砂体是难题。以突出河道砂体地质特征为目标,开展了河道砂体识别地震处理技术研究,形成了以相对保持振幅与波形特征的补偿处理、叠前提高分辨率处理为核心技术,以处理解释一体化和处理过程监控为手段的相对保持振幅、相位和波形特征的高分辨率处理技术和流程。河道砂体识别地震保幅处理技术在肇源南地区应用见到明显效果,分辨率比常规处理提高15～20 Hz,保真能力得到大幅度提高。应用于肇源南地区,扶余油层河道和点砂坝得到清晰成像,以此部署钻井验证,符合率达100%。
Channel sandbody was dominated reservoir in Fuyu oil layer hosted in Members 3-4, Quantou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin.The channel sandbodies were characterized by thin thiekness(generally less than 5 meters),little impedance differenee and sand-shale thinly interlayered overriding,which resulted in poor seismic response,and sandbody's features being not clear.Using seismic data to accurately recognize channel sandstone became a diffi- cult technical problem.To aim at projecting sand geologic features,the paper developed a seis- mic processing technology for sand recognizing.A new high resolution proeessing and workflow characterized by relatively preserved amplitude and wave mainly by using integration between processing and interpretation and processing monitoring was put forward in the paper.The key technology mainly including compensation processing in order to maintain the features of ampli- tude and wave,prestacked raising resolution processing.The application of this technology in Zhaoyuan area achieved good result,with the resolution being improved by 15-20 Hz,and pre- served ability being boosted largely.By the technique,a clear image of sandbodies of river channel and point bar of Fuyu oil layer in southern part of Zhaoyuan area was drawn,and the coincidence rate of predicted channel sandbodies using this technique with drilling sandbodies achieved 100%.
Channel sandbody was dominated reservoir in Fuyu oil layer hosted in Members 3-4, Quantou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin.The channel sandbodies were characterized by thin thiekness(generally less than 5 meters),little impedance differenee and sand-shale thinly interlayered overriding,which resulted in poor seismic response,and sandbody's features being not clear.Using seismic data to accurately recognize channel sandstone became a diffi- cult technical problem.To aim at projecting sand geologic features,the paper developed a seis- mic processing technology for sand recognizing.A new high resolution proeessing and workflow characterized by relatively preserved amplitude and wave mainly by using integration between processing and interpretation and processing monitoring was put forward in the paper.The key technology mainly including compensation processing in order to maintain the features of ampli- tude and wave,prestacked raising resolution processing.The application of this technology in Zhaoyuan area achieved good result,with the resolution being improved by 15-20 Hz,and pre- served ability being boosted largely.By the technique,a clear image of sandbodies of river channel and point bar of Fuyu oil layer in southern part of Zhaoyuan area was drawn,and the coincidence rate of predicted channel sandbodies using this technique with drilling sandbodies achieved 100%.
引文
高军,凌云,周兴元,牟永光.1996． 时频域球面发散与吸收补偿.石油地球物理勘探,31(6) :856-866,905． Gao Jun,Ling Yun,Zhou Xingyuan and Mu Yongguang.1996． Compensation for spherical divergence and absorption in time- frequency domain.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,31 (6) :856-866,905．
关昕,王建民,王元波,王丽娜,林春华,卢福珍.2008． 地震资料处理质量监控及效果分析.大庆石油地质与开发,27(2) :124-127．Guan Xin,Wang Jianmin,Wang Yuanbo,Wang Lina,Lin Chunhua and Lu Fuzhen.2008． Quality control method and results analysis for seismic data processing.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,27 (2) :124-127．
李庆忠.2004． 走向精确勘探的道路--高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析.北京:石油工业出版社.61-115．Li Qingzhong.2004． The Way to Obtain a Better Resolution in Seismic Prospecting A Systematical Analysis of High Resolution Seismic Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.61-115．
凌云研究组.2003． 叠后相对保持振幅处理研究.石油地球物理勘探,38(5) :501-506． Ling Yun Research Group.2003． Study of poststack relative preserved amplitude processing.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38 (5) :501-506．
凌云研究组.2004叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究.石油地球物理勘探,39(5) :543-552． Ling Yun Research Group.2004． Study of seismic data processing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,39 (5) :543-552．
凌云,高军,吴琳.2005． 时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿.石油地球物理勘探,40(2) :176-182,189．Ling Yun,Gao Jun and Wu Lin.2005． Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,40 (2) :176-182,189．
刘云武,吴海波,刘金平.2006． 大庆长垣南部扶杨油层河道砂体预测方法与应用.大庆石油地质与开发,25(5) :106-108．Liu Yunwu,Wu Haibo and Liu Jinping.2006． Channel sand body forecast method and application in Fuyu and Yangdachengzi Reservoirs in South Daqing Placanticline.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,25 (5) :106-108．
施立志,林铁锋,吴海波,王卓卓,祁越.2005． 松辽盆地尚家-太平川地区石油地质条件及勘探方向分析.地质科学,43(3) :558-568． Shi Lizhi,Lin Tiefeng,Wu Haibo,Wang Zhuozhuo and Qi Yue.2008． Analysis on petroleum geological conditions and exploration targets in Shangjia-Taipingchuan area of the Songliao Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,43(3) :558-568．
孙雨,马世忠,刘云燕,刘宗堡,于利民.2008． 松辽盆地三肇凹陷葡萄花油层成藏模式初探.地质科学,43(4) :746-757． Sun Yu,Ma Shizhong,Liu Yunyan.Liu Zhongbao and Yu Limin.2008． A preliminary study on models of hydrocarbon accumulation of the Putaohua oil layer in the Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,43(4) :746-757．
俞寿朋.2003． 高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.111-170．
Yu Shoupeng.2003． High Resolution Seismic Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.111-170．
张尔华,宋永忠,陈树民,金国平,邱颖.2004． 松辽盆地扶杨油层河道砂体地震识别方法.大庆石油地质与开发,23 (5) :113-114． Zhang Erhua,Song Yongzhong,Chen Shumin,Jin Guoping and Qiu Ying.2004． Seismic recognition method of channel sand body of Fuyang play zone in Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,23 (5) :113-114．
张海燕,陈树民.2008． 本征值相干体技术在松辽盆地北部精细地质研究中的应用.大庆石油地质与开发,27(2) :140-142．Zhang Haiyan and Chen Shumin.2008． Application of eigenvalue related body technique to the fine geologic research in north Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,27 (2) :140-142．
关昕,王建民,王元波,王丽娜,林春华,卢福珍.2008． 地震资料处理质量监控及效果分析.大庆石油地质与开发,27(2) :124-127．Guan Xin,Wang Jianmin,Wang Yuanbo,Wang Lina,Lin Chunhua and Lu Fuzhen.2008． Quality control method and results analysis for seismic data processing.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,27 (2) :124-127．
李庆忠.2004． 走向精确勘探的道路--高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析.北京:石油工业出版社.61-115．Li Qingzhong.2004． The Way to Obtain a Better Resolution in Seismic Prospecting A Systematical Analysis of High Resolution Seismic Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.61-115．
凌云研究组.2003． 叠后相对保持振幅处理研究.石油地球物理勘探,38(5) :501-506． Ling Yun Research Group.2003． Study of poststack relative preserved amplitude processing.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38 (5) :501-506．
凌云研究组.2004叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形的地震数据处理与评价研究.石油地球物理勘探,39(5) :543-552． Ling Yun Research Group.2004． Study of seismic data processing and appreciation based on prestack relative preservation of amplitude,frequency,phase and waveform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,39 (5) :543-552．
凌云,高军,吴琳.2005． 时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿.石油地球物理勘探,40(2) :176-182,189．Ling Yun,Gao Jun and Wu Lin.2005． Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,40 (2) :176-182,189．
刘云武,吴海波,刘金平.2006． 大庆长垣南部扶杨油层河道砂体预测方法与应用.大庆石油地质与开发,25(5) :106-108．Liu Yunwu,Wu Haibo and Liu Jinping.2006． Channel sand body forecast method and application in Fuyu and Yangdachengzi Reservoirs in South Daqing Placanticline.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,25 (5) :106-108．
施立志,林铁锋,吴海波,王卓卓,祁越.2005． 松辽盆地尚家-太平川地区石油地质条件及勘探方向分析.地质科学,43(3) :558-568． Shi Lizhi,Lin Tiefeng,Wu Haibo,Wang Zhuozhuo and Qi Yue.2008． Analysis on petroleum geological conditions and exploration targets in Shangjia-Taipingchuan area of the Songliao Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,43(3) :558-568．
孙雨,马世忠,刘云燕,刘宗堡,于利民.2008． 松辽盆地三肇凹陷葡萄花油层成藏模式初探.地质科学,43(4) :746-757． Sun Yu,Ma Shizhong,Liu Yunyan.Liu Zhongbao and Yu Limin.2008． A preliminary study on models of hydrocarbon accumulation of the Putaohua oil layer in the Sanzhao Sag,Songliao Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,43(4) :746-757．
俞寿朋.2003． 高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社.111-170．
Yu Shoupeng.2003． High Resolution Seismic Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.111-170．
张尔华,宋永忠,陈树民,金国平,邱颖.2004． 松辽盆地扶杨油层河道砂体地震识别方法.大庆石油地质与开发,23 (5) :113-114． Zhang Erhua,Song Yongzhong,Chen Shumin,Jin Guoping and Qiu Ying.2004． Seismic recognition method of channel sand body of Fuyang play zone in Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,23 (5) :113-114．
张海燕,陈树民.2008． 本征值相干体技术在松辽盆地北部精细地质研究中的应用.大庆石油地质与开发,27(2) :140-142．Zhang Haiyan and Chen Shumin.2008． Application of eigenvalue related body technique to the fine geologic research in north Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,27 (2) :140-142．
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