山岭隧道二次衬砌环向裂缝的震害机理
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摘要
目的为深入研究山岭隧道二次衬砌在地震中的受力特征和破坏机制,解释衬砌结构环向裂缝的产生原因.方法基于应答变位法理论,以汶川地震中受到破坏的龙溪隧道作为研究对象,采用有限元方法研究了山岭隧道二次衬砌沿其轴线方向的地震响应规律.结果在隧道内离洞口1 000 m的区域,衬砌结构的轴向拉应变最大值达到了150×10-6,远高于C25级混凝土的极限拉应变,该区域首先发生环向断裂.结论隧道结构的地震响应受其所在岩体受震时发生的相对变位所支配.强烈的地震发生过程中,沿隧道轴线方向的衬砌结构可能承受强烈的拉压作用.当衬砌混凝土的实际应变超过其极限应变时,会发生衬砌结构的环向开裂和混凝土剥落.
In order to study the stress characteristics and failure mechanics of secondary lining of a mountain tunnel in an earthquake,interpret the cause of ring cracks on tunnel′s lining structure,a finite element modeling analysis based on the response displacement method has been performed to simulate the earthquake response,taking the Longxi tunnel which has been destroyed in the Wenchuan earthquake as an study object.The calculation result shows that,the axial tensile strain on the lining structure reached as high as 150×10-6 at the area 1 000 m inside the tunnel.Because this strain is much higher than the ultimate tensile strain of the lining material,C25 concrete,ring crack occurs.The seismic response of tunnel structure subjects to the relative deformation of its surrounding rock mass during an earthquake.In a strong earthquake,the axial tunnel structure can be subjected to intensive axial loads.Ring crack and concrete spalling occurs on the lining structure when the actual strain in the lining concrete exceeds the materials′ultimate strain.
In order to study the stress characteristics and failure mechanics of secondary lining of a mountain tunnel in an earthquake,interpret the cause of ring cracks on tunnel′s lining structure,a finite element modeling analysis based on the response displacement method has been performed to simulate the earthquake response,taking the Longxi tunnel which has been destroyed in the Wenchuan earthquake as an study object.The calculation result shows that,the axial tensile strain on the lining structure reached as high as 150×10-6 at the area 1 000 m inside the tunnel.Because this strain is much higher than the ultimate tensile strain of the lining material,C25 concrete,ring crack occurs.The seismic response of tunnel structure subjects to the relative deformation of its surrounding rock mass during an earthquake.In a strong earthquake,the axial tunnel structure can be subjected to intensive axial loads.Ring crack and concrete spalling occurs on the lining structure when the actual strain in the lining concrete exceeds the materials′ultimate strain.
引文
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[9]Kojima Y,Yashiro K.Basic studies on earthquakedamage to shallow mountain tunnels[J].Railw ayTechnical Research,2010,67(10):22-25.
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[11]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.国道317、213线都江堰至汶川公路高速路段地震灾后恢复重建方案设计汇报材料[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008.(Sichuan Provincial Transport Department HighwayPlanning,Survey,Design and Research Institute.Earthquake restoration and reconstruction materialsof No.317 and No.213 national highw ay betw eenDujiangyan and Wenchuan[R].Chengdu:SichuanProvincial Transport Department,2008.)
[12]陈乐生,庄卫林,赵河清,万振江.汶川地震公路震害调查(隧道)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(Chen Lesheng,Zhuang Weilin,Zhao Heqing,et al.Report on highw ays'damage in the Wenchuan earth-quake[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2012.)
[13]Yoshida O.Earthquake response analysis of ground[M].Japan:Kajima-publishing,2010:31-35.
[2]Mituru S,Shiro S,Takashi S,et al.Damage of rail-w ay tunnel due to the Mid Niigata prefecture earth-quake[J].Tunnels and Underground,2005,36(5):421-428.
[3]Asakura T,Kojima Y.Study on the damage mecha-nism of mountain tunnel under earthquake and im-provement of earthquake resistance[R].Japan kyo-to:Railw ay Technical Research Institute,2006.
[4]Mashimo H.Damage of roads caused by 2004 MidNiigata prefecture earthquake[J].Tunnel and Un-derground,2005,36(11):55-63.
[5]Kiyomizu M,Suzuki T,Asakura T.Results of surveyregarding damages of railroad tunnels caused by theMid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004[J].Tun-nel and Underground,2007,38(4):49-57.
[6]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750.(Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristics and influencefactor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zonesof great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750.)
[7]Wang Wenli,Wang Taidian,Su zhuojin,et al.As-sessment of damages in mountain tunnels due to theTaiw an Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Tunnelling and Un-derground Space Technology,2001,16(3):133-150.
[8]陈正勋,王泰典,黄灿辉.山岭隧道受震损害类型与原因之案例研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):45-57.(Chen Zhengxun,Wang Taidian,Huang Chanhui.Case study of earthquake-induced damage patterns ofrock tunnel and associated reason[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):45-57.)
[9]Kojima Y,Yashiro K.Basic studies on earthquakedamage to shallow mountain tunnels[J].Railw ayTechnical Research,2010,67(10):22-25.
[10]Yu Yuanyuan,Guo Xun,Wang Ningwei,et al.Me-chanical analysis on secondary Lining damaged bylocal load under earthquake[J].Advanced MaterialsResearch,2011,243/249:3639-3643.
[11]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.国道317、213线都江堰至汶川公路高速路段地震灾后恢复重建方案设计汇报材料[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008.(Sichuan Provincial Transport Department HighwayPlanning,Survey,Design and Research Institute.Earthquake restoration and reconstruction materialsof No.317 and No.213 national highw ay betw eenDujiangyan and Wenchuan[R].Chengdu:SichuanProvincial Transport Department,2008.)
[12]陈乐生,庄卫林,赵河清,万振江.汶川地震公路震害调查(隧道)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(Chen Lesheng,Zhuang Weilin,Zhao Heqing,et al.Report on highw ays'damage in the Wenchuan earth-quake[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2012.)
[13]Yoshida O.Earthquake response analysis of ground[M].Japan:Kajima-publishing,2010:31-35.
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