穿越东沙隆起和潮汕坳陷的OBS广角地震剖面
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摘要
为了探明南海中北部陆缘深部地壳结构,使用2D射线追踪正演和反演方法,拟合了一条南海中北部陆缘的OBS广角地震剖面(OBS2006-3).该剖面穿越东沙隆起和潮汕坳陷,长319 km,NNW-SSE走向,共投放海底地震仪14台.速度结构模型表明:潮汕坳陷存在巨厚的中生代沉积,最大厚度达到8 km,速度从顶部的4.4 km/s向下增加到底部的5.3 km/s.莫霍面埋藏深度由陆向海方向减小,其埋深从东沙隆起下方的24～25 km减小到南部隆起带的17 km.东沙隆起下方的上地壳中存在一向上突起的高速异常,速度达到6.9 km/s,可能与地幔物质上涌和岩浆活动有关.在整个剖面的下地壳底部存在厚3～12 km,速度为7.1～7.4 km/s的高速层.根据各个时期岩浆活动特征,推测下地壳高速层是由海底扩张停止之后的岩浆底侵作用形成的.
In order to investigate the deep crustal structure across the mid-northern continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS),a wide-angle OBS profile(OBS2006-3) was simulated by using forward and inversion methods.This profile,319 km in length and NNW-SSE oriented crosses Dongsha Uplift,Chaoshan Depression,and deep oceanic basin.Fourteen Ocean Bottom Seismometers(OBS) was used in this survey.The velocity model reveals that the Mesozoic sediment in Chaoshan Depression is remarkably thick with maximum 8 km;and whose velocity increases downward from 4.4 km/s at top to 5.3 km/s at the bottom.The depth of the Moho interface in the velocity model decreases gradually seaward from 24～25 km beneath Dongsha Uplift to 17 km in the south uplift zone.An obvious high velocity anomaly was detected in the upper crust of the Dongsha Uplift whose velocity arrives at 6.9 km/s,which would be due to the mantle underplating and magma activities.A high velocity layer(HVL) in the lower crust was found with a thickness of 3～12 km and a velocity of 7.1～7.4 km/s along the profile.Based on the properties of magma activities in different geological periods,we suggest that the HVL may originate from underplating of the igneous rocks after the cessation of seafloor spreading.
In order to investigate the deep crustal structure across the mid-northern continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS),a wide-angle OBS profile(OBS2006-3) was simulated by using forward and inversion methods.This profile,319 km in length and NNW-SSE oriented crosses Dongsha Uplift,Chaoshan Depression,and deep oceanic basin.Fourteen Ocean Bottom Seismometers(OBS) was used in this survey.The velocity model reveals that the Mesozoic sediment in Chaoshan Depression is remarkably thick with maximum 8 km;and whose velocity increases downward from 4.4 km/s at top to 5.3 km/s at the bottom.The depth of the Moho interface in the velocity model decreases gradually seaward from 24～25 km beneath Dongsha Uplift to 17 km in the south uplift zone.An obvious high velocity anomaly was detected in the upper crust of the Dongsha Uplift whose velocity arrives at 6.9 km/s,which would be due to the mantle underplating and magma activities.A high velocity layer(HVL) in the lower crust was found with a thickness of 3～12 km and a velocity of 7.1～7.4 km/s along the profile.Based on the properties of magma activities in different geological periods,we suggest that the HVL may originate from underplating of the igneous rocks after the cessation of seafloor spreading.
引文
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[24]Xia S H,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.Crustal structure in an onshore-offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Science,2010,37 (5-6):460-472
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[26]Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Seismic structure in the northeastern South China Sea:S-wave velocity and V_p/V_s ratios derived from three-component OBS data.Tectonophysics, 2010,480(1-4):183-197
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[28]Cande S C,Kent D V.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic./. Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B4):6093-6095
[29]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏等.华南连县—博罗港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果.地球物理学报, 1999,42(3):383-392 Yin Z X,Lai M H,Xiong S B,et al.Crustal structure and velocity distribution based on deep seismic sounding along the Lianxian-Boluo-Gangkou profile in southern China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):383-392
[30]Zhang Z J,Wang Y H.Crustal structure and contact relationship revealed from deep seismic sounding data in South China.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2007,165(1-2):114-126
[31]Li P L,Rao C T.Tectonic characteristics and evolution history of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Tectonophysics, 1994,235(1-2):13-25
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[33]Lee T Y,Lo C H,Chung S L,et al.~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar dating result of Neogene basalts in Vietnam and its tectonic implication. Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia Geodynamics,1998,27:317-330
[34]Ho K S,ChenJ C,Juang W S.Geochronology and geochemistry of late Cenozoic basalts from the Leiqiong area, Southern China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18 (3):307-324
[35]Ru K,Pigott JD.Episodic rifting and subsidence in the South China Sea.AAPG Bull.,1986,70:1136-1155
[36]钟广见,吴世敏,冯常茂.南海北部中生代沉积模式.热带海洋学报,2011,30(1):43-48 Zhong G J,Wu S M,Feng C M.Sedimentary model of Mesozoic in the northern South China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2011,30(1):43-48
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[2]姚伯初,杨木壮.南海晚新生代构造运动与天然气水合物资源.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):93-100 Yao B C,Yang M Z.Tectonic movements in the late Cenozoic and gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2008, 28(4):93-100
[3]姚伯初.南海北部陆缘新生代构造运动初探.南海地质研究(五).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993:1-12 Yao B C.The primary research on tectonic movement of the continental margin of the Northern South China Sea in Cenozoic Geological research of the South China Sea(5th)(in Chinese).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press, 1993:1-12
[4]吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林.南海北部陆缘的构造属性问题.高校地质学报,2001,7(4):419-426 Wu S M,Zhou D,Qiu X L.Tectonic setting of the northern margin of South China Sea.Geological Journal of China Universities(in Chinese),2001,7(4):419-426
[5]曹洁冰,周祖翼.被动大陆边缘:从大陆张裂到海底扩张.地球科学进展,2003,18(5):730-736 Cao J B,Zhou Z Y.Passive margins:from continental rifting to oceanic spreading.Advance in Earth Science(in Chinese), 2003,18(5):730-736
[6]Reston T.The structure,evolution and symmetry of the magma-poor rifted margins of the North and Central Atlantic:A synthesis.Tectonophysics,2009,468(1-4):6-27
[7]Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics,2001,338(1):1-21
[8]Taylor B,Hayes D.The tectonic and geologic evolution of Southeast Asian seas and islands.Geophys.Monogr.AGU, Washington,D.C.1980,23:89-104
[9]Clift P D,Lin J,ODP Leg 184 Scientific Party.Patterns of extension and magmatism along the continent-ocean boundary,South China margin.In:Wilson R C,Whitmarsh R B,Taylor B,eds.Non-volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins:a Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea. Geological Society,London,2001,187:489-510
[10]Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,et al.Deep penetration seismic soundings across the northern margin of the South China Sea.J.Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B11):22407- 22433
[11]Wang T K,Cheng M K,Lee C S,et al.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412(3-4):237- 254
[12]Qiu X L,Ye S Y,Wu S M,et al.Crustai structure across theXishaTrough,northwestern South China Sea. Tectonophysics,2001,341(1-4):179-193
[13]Clift P,Lin J.Preferential mantle lithospheric extension underthe South China margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(8):929-945
[14]刘光鼎,陈洁.中国前新生代残留盆地油气勘探难点分析及对策.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):1-3 Liu G D,Chen J.Analysis of difficulties in gas-petroleum prospecting in Chinese Pre-Cenozoic Relic Basin and the corresponding solutions.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2005,20(2):1-3
[15]郝沪军,林鹤鸣,杨梦雄等.潮汕坳陷中生界——油气勘探的新领域.中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(3):157-163 Hao H J,Lin H M,Yang M X,et al.The Mesozoic in Chaoshan depression:A new domain of petroleum exploration. China offshore Oil and Gas(Geology)(in Chinese),2001, 15(3):157-163
[16]杨少坤,林鹤鸣,郝沪军.珠江口盆地东部中生界海相油气勘探前景.石油学报,2002,23(5):28-34 Yang S K,Lin H M,Hao H J.Oil and gas exploration prospect of Mesozoic in the eastern part of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2002,23(5):28- 34
[17]陈洁.潮汕坳陷地球物理特征及油气勘探潜力.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):147-155 Chen J.Geophysical characteristics of the Chaoshan depression and its hydrocarbon exploration potential.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2007,22(1):147-155
[18]吴国造,王汝建,郝沪军等.南海北部海相中生界发育的微体化石证据.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(1):79-85 Wu G X,Wang R J,Hao H J,et al.Microfossil evidence for development of marine Mesozoic in the North of South China Sea.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese), 2007,27(1):79-85
[19]吕修亚,阎贫,陈洁等.折射方法在南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界地层研究中的应用.热带海洋学报,2009,28(1): 43-47 L(u|¨) X Y,Yan P,Chen J,et al.Application of refraction velocity in studying Mesozoic strata in Chaoshan Depression on northern margin of South China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),2009,28(1):43-47
[20]黄慈流.南海及围区大地构造格架与沉积盆地分布.见:龚再升,李思田,夏戡原等主编.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997:44-51 Huang C L.Tectonic framework and distribution of basins in the South China Sea and adjacent areas.In:Gong Z S,Li S T,Xia K Y,eds.Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the North Continent Margin of the South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1997:44-51
[21]赵中贤,周蒂,廖杰等.珠江口盆地陆架区岩石圈伸展模拟及裂后沉降分析.地质学报,2010,84(2):1135-1145 Zhao Z X,Zhou D,Liao J,et al.Lithospheric stretching modeling of the continental shelf in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and analysis of post-breakup subsidence.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,84(2):1135-1145
[22]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for 2-D crustal velocity structure.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,108(1): 16-34
[23]邵磊,尤洪庆,郝沪军等.南海东北部中生界岩石学特征及沉积环境.地质论评,2007,53(2):164-169 Shao L,You H Q,Hao H J,et al.Petrology and depositional environments of Mesozoic strata in the Northeastern South China Sea.Geological Review(in Chinese),2007,53(2);164-169
[24]Xia S H,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.Crustal structure in an onshore-offshore transitional zone near Hong Kong,northern South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Science,2010,37 (5-6):460-472
[25]张中杰,刘一峰,张素芳等.南海北部珠江口琼东南盆地地壳速度结构与几何分层.地球物理学报,2009,52(10): 2461-2471 Zhang Z J,Li Y F,Zhang S F,et al.Crustal P-wave velocity structure and layering beneath Zhujiangkou-Qiongdongnan basins,the northern continental margin of South China Sea. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(10):2461- 2471
[26]Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia S H,et al.Seismic structure in the northeastern South China Sea:S-wave velocity and V_p/V_s ratios derived from three-component OBS data.Tectonophysics, 2010,480(1-4):183-197
[27]Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponnier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98(B4).6299-6328
[28]Cande S C,Kent D V.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic./. Geophys.Res.,1995,100(B4):6093-6095
[29]尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏等.华南连县—博罗港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果.地球物理学报, 1999,42(3):383-392 Yin Z X,Lai M H,Xiong S B,et al.Crustal structure and velocity distribution based on deep seismic sounding along the Lianxian-Boluo-Gangkou profile in southern China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(3):383-392
[30]Zhang Z J,Wang Y H.Crustal structure and contact relationship revealed from deep seismic sounding data in South China.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2007,165(1-2):114-126
[31]Li P L,Rao C T.Tectonic characteristics and evolution history of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Tectonophysics, 1994,235(1-2):13-25
[32]石学法,鄢全树.南海新生代岩浆活动的地球化学特征及其构造意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(2):59-72 Shi X F,Yan Q S.Geochemistry of Cenozoic magmatism in the South China Sea and its tectonic implications.Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2011,31(2): 59-72
[33]Lee T Y,Lo C H,Chung S L,et al.~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar dating result of Neogene basalts in Vietnam and its tectonic implication. Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia Geodynamics,1998,27:317-330
[34]Ho K S,ChenJ C,Juang W S.Geochronology and geochemistry of late Cenozoic basalts from the Leiqiong area, Southern China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2000,18 (3):307-324
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