汶川地震中的桥梁落梁震害分析及启示
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摘要
5.12汶川地震中发生了多起桥梁落梁震害,每起落梁事故有各自的现象与成因。根据桥梁结构构造特点以及落梁现场调查,对都江堰庙子坪大桥和百花大桥的落梁过程及成因展开分析,认为庙子坪大桥中的一孔落梁起因于联间振动位移差及碰撞,而百花大桥第5联整体倒塌实际也始于端部落梁。文中进一步探讨了地震中落梁的一般特征,并提出若干防落梁措施。
In the Great WenChuan earthquake,many bridges were unseated due to ground shaking and permanent ground deformations resulting from the earthquake and other reasons.Based on field reconnaissance and considerations on structural characteristics of each bridge,the cause and process of the unseating phenomenon in MiaoZiPing and BaiHua Bridge were deduced.It was observed that the movement difference and collision between beam ends are the reason for the unseating of MiaoZiPing Bridge,while the unseating of the side span in BaiHua Bridge induces the whole structure to collapse.Moreover,the common characteristics for bridge unseating and the use of seismic restrainers were discussed.
In the Great WenChuan earthquake,many bridges were unseated due to ground shaking and permanent ground deformations resulting from the earthquake and other reasons.Based on field reconnaissance and considerations on structural characteristics of each bridge,the cause and process of the unseating phenomenon in MiaoZiPing and BaiHua Bridge were deduced.It was observed that the movement difference and collision between beam ends are the reason for the unseating of MiaoZiPing Bridge,while the unseating of the side span in BaiHua Bridge induces the whole structure to collapse.Moreover,the common characteristics for bridge unseating and the use of seismic restrainers were discussed.
引文
[1]Liu Z.Reconnaissance and preliminary observations ofbridge damage in the great Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Structure Engineering International,2009(3):277-282.
[2]周国良.汶川8级地震中几座近断层桥梁失效模式的初步探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):370-378.Zhou G L.Failure modes of near-fault bridges inWenchuan earthquake[J].Technology for EarthquakeDisaster Prevention,2008,3(4):370-378.(in Chinese)
[3]李鸿晶.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):24-29.Li H J.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of NanJing university of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(1):24-29.(in Chinese)
[4]Li J Z,Peng T B,Xu Y.Damage investigation of girderbridges under the Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7:337-344.
[5]蒋劲松,庄卫林,刘振宇.汶川地震百花大桥震害调查分析[J].桥梁建设,2008(6):41-44.Jang J S.Investigation and analysis of seismic damageto baihua bridge in Wenchuan earthquake[J].BridgeConstruction,2008(6):41-44.(in Chinese)
[6]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG/T B021-01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.Chongqing Communication Research&DesignInstitute.JTG/T B021-01—2008 Guidelines forSeismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunication Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[7]The AASHTO.Guide Specifications for LRFD SeismicBridge Design[S].The American Association of StateHighway and Transportation Officials,2004.
[2]周国良.汶川8级地震中几座近断层桥梁失效模式的初步探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):370-378.Zhou G L.Failure modes of near-fault bridges inWenchuan earthquake[J].Technology for EarthquakeDisaster Prevention,2008,3(4):370-378.(in Chinese)
[3]李鸿晶.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):24-29.Li H J.Characteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of NanJing university of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(1):24-29.(in Chinese)
[4]Li J Z,Peng T B,Xu Y.Damage investigation of girderbridges under the Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7:337-344.
[5]蒋劲松,庄卫林,刘振宇.汶川地震百花大桥震害调查分析[J].桥梁建设,2008(6):41-44.Jang J S.Investigation and analysis of seismic damageto baihua bridge in Wenchuan earthquake[J].BridgeConstruction,2008(6):41-44.(in Chinese)
[6]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG/T B021-01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.Chongqing Communication Research&DesignInstitute.JTG/T B021-01—2008 Guidelines forSeismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunication Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[7]The AASHTO.Guide Specifications for LRFD SeismicBridge Design[S].The American Association of StateHighway and Transportation Officials,2004.
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