汶川地震近断层附近桥梁震害浅析
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摘要
"5.12"汶川地震给交通生命线造成了严重破坏,其中处于断层附近的几座桥梁震害严重甚至垮塌,给灾后救援和重建带来巨大影响。结合近断层的场地特征,详细分析了其附近几座桥梁的震害,并为今后的桥梁设计提出以下建议:做好桥址选择工作,尽量避免发震断裂地段;选择合理抗震结构体系,减小双向地震作用;充分考虑竖向地震作用对桥梁结构影响;提高构件延性设计,防止墩柱脆性破坏;合理设计支座和加强挡块连接,以有效防止落梁震害。
Transport system has been severely damaged during the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake;several bridges near the faultage are damaged severely and even collapsed,which lays great impact on the rescue and reconstruction after the earthquake.With the site characteristics of near-faultage,the damage of several near-faultage bridges is analyzed in detail.At the same time,some reasonable suggestions for future seismic design of bridges are presented as follow: firstly,choosing a good site far from the faultage is very important for the bridge construction;secondly,the reasonable seismic structure of bridge can reduce the bi-directional seismic action;meanwhile,the effect of vertical seismic action on bridges should be fully considered;thirdly,bridges should be designed in ductility in order to avoid the fragile destruction on piers;finally,designing piers reasonably and reinforcing the connections of bridge blocks can effectively prevent girder from falling in the earthquake.
Transport system has been severely damaged during the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake;several bridges near the faultage are damaged severely and even collapsed,which lays great impact on the rescue and reconstruction after the earthquake.With the site characteristics of near-faultage,the damage of several near-faultage bridges is analyzed in detail.At the same time,some reasonable suggestions for future seismic design of bridges are presented as follow: firstly,choosing a good site far from the faultage is very important for the bridge construction;secondly,the reasonable seismic structure of bridge can reduce the bi-directional seismic action;meanwhile,the effect of vertical seismic action on bridges should be fully considered;thirdly,bridges should be designed in ductility in order to avoid the fragile destruction on piers;finally,designing piers reasonably and reinforcing the connections of bridge blocks can effectively prevent girder from falling in the earthquake.
引文
[1]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方,等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征[J].中国地质,2008,35(5):803-812.
[2]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[3]高孟潭,陈国星,谢富仁,等.四川、甘肃、陕西部分地区地震动参数区划图[J].国际地震动态,2008(6):9-12.
[4]周正华,周雍年,赵刚.强震近场加速度峰值比和反应谱统计分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):15-18.
[5]李新乐,窦慧娟,彭永恒,等.基于近断层地震的桥梁结构抗震设计研究进展[J].大连民族学院学报,2007(3):57-59.
[6]张显明.近场竖向地震动对铁路桥梁地震反应的影响[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(4):30-33.
[7]周国良,崔成臣,刘必灯,等.汶川8.0级地震中几座近断层桥梁失效模式的初步探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):370-377.
[8]杜修力,韩强,李忠献,等.5.12汶川地震中山区公路桥梁震害及启示[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(12):1271-1279.
[2]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[3]高孟潭,陈国星,谢富仁,等.四川、甘肃、陕西部分地区地震动参数区划图[J].国际地震动态,2008(6):9-12.
[4]周正华,周雍年,赵刚.强震近场加速度峰值比和反应谱统计分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):15-18.
[5]李新乐,窦慧娟,彭永恒,等.基于近断层地震的桥梁结构抗震设计研究进展[J].大连民族学院学报,2007(3):57-59.
[6]张显明.近场竖向地震动对铁路桥梁地震反应的影响[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(4):30-33.
[7]周国良,崔成臣,刘必灯,等.汶川8.0级地震中几座近断层桥梁失效模式的初步探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):370-377.
[8]杜修力,韩强,李忠献,等.5.12汶川地震中山区公路桥梁震害及启示[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(12):1271-1279.
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