地震作用下无衬砌黄土隧道围岩结构安全系数的计算探讨
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摘要
为了得到无衬砌黄土隧道围岩结构在地震作用下的安全系数,借助有限元软件ANSYS,首先采用水平地震作用下的动力分析模型进行模态分析,得到质量阻尼系数和刚度阻尼系数;其次,输入地震波进行动力时程分析,得到模型顶点的最大水平位移;最后,采用静力分析模型,并考虑自重和左右边界上顶点水平位移最大时的侧向边界节点水平位移,通过不断折减围岩土体的抗剪强度参数,即黏聚力c和内摩擦角?,直到计算不收敛为止,从而得到无衬砌黄土隧道在地震作用下的安全系数。数值算例表明:所采用的方法是可行的,地震作用会使得围岩结构的安全系数降低,从而为以后黄土隧道围岩结构在地震作用下安全系数的计算及其工程应用提供了理论依据。
In order to obtain the safety factor of unlined loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake,general finite element software ANSYS is adopted.Firstly,modal analysis is done by adopting the dynamic analysis model under the horizontal seismic action;and the coefficient of quality damping and stiffness damping is obtained.Secondly,the dynamic time-history analysis is made by inputting seismic wave;and the maximum horizontal displacement of model "vertices" is gotten.Finally,by adopting static analysis model,and considering gravity and lateral border node horizontal displacement when the horizontal displacement of model "vertices" being largest on the border of right or left,and shear strength parameters,cohesion c and internal friction angle,of wall rock soil is continuously discounted until the calculation is not convergent so far;and so the safety factor of unlined loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake is obtained.Numerical example shows that the method proposed is feasible;and that earthquake action may make the safety factor of wall rock structure lower;and thus in the future a theoretical basis is provided for the safety factor calculation and engineering application of loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake.
In order to obtain the safety factor of unlined loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake,general finite element software ANSYS is adopted.Firstly,modal analysis is done by adopting the dynamic analysis model under the horizontal seismic action;and the coefficient of quality damping and stiffness damping is obtained.Secondly,the dynamic time-history analysis is made by inputting seismic wave;and the maximum horizontal displacement of model "vertices" is gotten.Finally,by adopting static analysis model,and considering gravity and lateral border node horizontal displacement when the horizontal displacement of model "vertices" being largest on the border of right or left,and shear strength parameters,cohesion c and internal friction angle,of wall rock soil is continuously discounted until the calculation is not convergent so far;and so the safety factor of unlined loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake is obtained.Numerical example shows that the method proposed is feasible;and that earthquake action may make the safety factor of wall rock structure lower;and thus in the future a theoretical basis is provided for the safety factor calculation and engineering application of loess tunnel wall rock structure under earthquake.
引文
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[11]李树忱,李术才,徐帮树.隧道围岩稳定分析的最小安全系数法[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):549-554.LI Shu-chen,LI Shu-cai,XU Bang-shu.Minimum safety factor method for stability analysis of surrounding rockmass of tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):549-554.
[12]熊敬,张建海.Druker-Prager型屈服准则与强度储备安全系数的相关分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1905-1910.XIONG Jing,ZHANG Jian-hai.Correlation analysis of relationship between Druker-Prager yield criteria and strength margin safety factor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1905-1910.
[13]张红,郑颖人,杨臻,等.黄土隧洞安全系数初探[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):291-296.ZHANG Hong,ZHENG Ying-ren,YANG Zhen,et al.Exploration of safety factors of the loess tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):297-306.
[14]谷兆祺,彭守拙,李仲奎.地下洞室工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[15]周健,白冰,徐建平.土动力学理论与计算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[16]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,等.边坡与滑坡工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[17]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键等.限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39-61.ZHENG Ying-ren,ZHAO Shang-yi,DENG Chu-jian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysis method and its applications in geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Sciences,2006,8(12):39-61.
[18]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-62.ZHNG Ying-ren,ZHAO Shang-yi,ZHANG Lu-yu.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-62.
[19]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:26-27.
[20]王峻,王兰民,李兰.永登5.8级地震中黄土震陷灾害的探讨[J].地震研究,2005,28(4):393-397.WANG Jun,WANG Lan-min,LI Lan.Discussion on the loess subsidence disaster caused by the Yongdeng M5.8 earthquake[J].Journal of Seimological Research,2005,28(4):393-397.
[2]陈国兴.岩土地震工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[3]史良.黄土隧道抗震设计研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:长安大学,2005.
[4]陈国兴,张克绪,谢君斐.黄土崖窑洞抗震性能分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1995,28(1):16-21.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHANG Ke-zhi,XIE Jun-fei.Aseismic performance analysis of the cave dewlling on the loess precipice[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,1995,28(1):16-21.
[5]高峰,任侠.黄土窑洞地震反应分析[J].兰州铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2001,20(3):12-18.GAO Feng,REN Xia.Seimic responses analysis of a loess cave[J].Journal of Lanzhou Railway University(Natural Sciences),2001,20(3):12-18.
[6]陈立伟,彭建兵,范文.地震作用下黄土暗穴的稳定性[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版).2007,27(6):34-36.CHEN Li-wei,PENG Jian-bing,FAN Wen.Stability of loess hidden hole under earthquake[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition),2007,27(6):34-36.
[7]彭建兵,李庆春,陈志新,等.黄土洞穴灾害[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[8]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,张红,等.关于土体隧洞围岩稳定性分析方法的探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):254-260.ZHENG Ying-ren,QIU Chen-yu,ZHANG Hong,et al.Exploration of stability analysis methods of surrounding rocks in soil tunel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):254-260.
[9]邱陈瑜,郑颖人,宋雅坤.采用ANSYS软件讨论无衬砌黄土隧洞安全系数[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):291-296.QIU Chen-yu,ZHENG Ying-ren,SONG Ya-kun.Exploring the safety factors of unlined loess tunnel by ANSYS[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):291-296.
[10]江权,冯夏庭,向天兵.基于强度折减原理的地下洞室群整体安全系数计算方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2483-2488.JIANG Quan,FENG Xia-ting.XIANG Tian-bing.Discussion on method for calculating general safety factor of underground caverns based on strength reduction theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(8):2483-2488.
[11]李树忱,李术才,徐帮树.隧道围岩稳定分析的最小安全系数法[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):549-554.LI Shu-chen,LI Shu-cai,XU Bang-shu.Minimum safety factor method for stability analysis of surrounding rockmass of tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):549-554.
[12]熊敬,张建海.Druker-Prager型屈服准则与强度储备安全系数的相关分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1905-1910.XIONG Jing,ZHANG Jian-hai.Correlation analysis of relationship between Druker-Prager yield criteria and strength margin safety factor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1905-1910.
[13]张红,郑颖人,杨臻,等.黄土隧洞安全系数初探[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):291-296.ZHANG Hong,ZHENG Ying-ren,YANG Zhen,et al.Exploration of safety factors of the loess tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):297-306.
[14]谷兆祺,彭守拙,李仲奎.地下洞室工程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[15]周健,白冰,徐建平.土动力学理论与计算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[16]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,等.边坡与滑坡工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[17]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键等.限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39-61.ZHENG Ying-ren,ZHAO Shang-yi,DENG Chu-jian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysis method and its applications in geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Sciences,2006,8(12):39-61.
[18]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-62.ZHNG Ying-ren,ZHAO Shang-yi,ZHANG Lu-yu.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-62.
[19]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:26-27.
[20]王峻,王兰民,李兰.永登5.8级地震中黄土震陷灾害的探讨[J].地震研究,2005,28(4):393-397.WANG Jun,WANG Lan-min,LI Lan.Discussion on the loess subsidence disaster caused by the Yongdeng M5.8 earthquake[J].Journal of Seimological Research,2005,28(4):393-397.
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