桥梁地震破坏等级划分标准浅析
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摘要
为了制订一套新的科学、合理、可操作性强的桥梁震害等级划分标准,搜集整理了国内外现有桥梁地震破坏等级划分方面的有关标准、规定,采用归纳总结、对比分析的方法,从分级、破坏宏观描述、震后通行能力分级等3方面总结了不同标准的特点,并对不同标准、规定的实际应用进行了讨论。结果表明:现有桥梁地震破坏等级划分标准需在以下几个方面予以完善:(1)依据不同的桥型分别给出相应的划分标准;(2)尽量采用定性描述,少用具体的量化数据;(3)应先给出承重构件破坏程度等级标准;(4)引入构件破坏数量用语。
In order to present a new gradation criterion of earthquake damage to bridges,the available criterions and provisions of China and other countries are collected and discussed.By the methods of contrastive analysis,induction and summarization,the characteristics of different criterions and provisions are summarized from the aspects of gradation characteristics,phenomenon description and post-earthquake traffic transportation capacity.The application of different criterions and provisions is also discussed.The results show that the available criterions need to be perfected as follows:(1)According to different types of bridges,corresponding criterions should be presented separately;(2)The qualitative descriptions should be used and the concrete quantized data not as far as possible;(3)Damage degree standards of structural members should be given especially;(4)The quantity terms of structural member damage should be introduced.
In order to present a new gradation criterion of earthquake damage to bridges,the available criterions and provisions of China and other countries are collected and discussed.By the methods of contrastive analysis,induction and summarization,the characteristics of different criterions and provisions are summarized from the aspects of gradation characteristics,phenomenon description and post-earthquake traffic transportation capacity.The application of different criterions and provisions is also discussed.The results show that the available criterions need to be perfected as follows:(1)According to different types of bridges,corresponding criterions should be presented separately;(2)The qualitative descriptions should be used and the concrete quantized data not as far as possible;(3)Damage degree standards of structural members should be given especially;(4)The quantity terms of structural member damage should be introduced.
引文
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[2]GB/T18208.3-2000,地震现场工作第三部分:调查规范[S].GB/T18208.3-2000,National Standard of the People's Republic of China,The Third Part of the Field Work after Earthquake:Investigation Spec-ification[S].
[3]Risk Management Solutions.Development of a standardized earthquake loss estimation methodology,Volume II[R].Prepared for:National Institute of Building Sciences,1994.
[4]范立础.桥梁工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.Fan Lichu.Bridge Engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2001.
[5]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.Fan Lichu.Bridge Seismic[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[6]谢旭.桥梁结构地震响应分析与抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.Xie Xu.Seismic Response Analysis and Aseismic Design of Bridge Structures[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1997.
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