基于大地电导率分层模型的油气管网地磁暴干扰评估方法
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摘要
地磁暴对油气管网、电网、高铁系统等基础设施的影响已成为关注的热点。与地磁暴对电网影响的研究相比,目前对油气管网和高铁的地磁暴侵害研究不够。地磁暴在油气管网中感应的地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)和管地电位(pipe-soil potentials,PSP)与磁暴强度、大地构造、埋地管道自身结构等因素有关,不同深度大地电导率的差异影响油气管网的GIC和PSP大小。根据地磁暴在埋地油气管网产生GIC和PSP机理,以及我国岩石圈大地电性构造数据,考虑不同深度的大地电导率的差异,建立大地深层电导率分区分层模型,推导每层波阻抗递推关系式以及大地感应电场与地磁场关系式,得到基于平面波理论的大地和油气管网感应电场的算法,根据分布源传输线理论给出地下油气管网的GIC和PSP计算方法。最后,计算西气东输一线油气管网GIC和PSP水平,证明油气管网GIC和PSP效应评价方法的有效性。
The effect of geomagnetic storm to national infrastructure including pipeline, power system and high-speed railway system is paid more and more concern. Compared to the study of power system, study of pipeline and high-speed railway system is insufficient at the present. Geomagnetically induced current(GIC)and pipe-soil potentials(PSP) induced in the pipeline during the geomagnetic storm is closely related to magnetic storm intensity, earth structure and network. Different earth conductivities at different depths have great influence on GIC and PSP induced in the pipeline. According to the principle of GIC and PSP induced in the buried pipeline and parameters of earth electric property of lithosphere, considering different earth conductivities at different depths, an subarea layered-earth conductivity model was constructed in this paper, recurrence relation of wave impedance in each layer and the relationship formula between earth electric field and earth magnetic field were also derived. The earth electric field and pipeline electric field based on the plane wave method were obtained, and methodology of the GIC and PSP in the pipeline based on distributed source transmission line(DSTL) theory was demonstrated. Then the GIC and PSP level in project of natural gas transmission from West to East China were calculated to illustrate availability of this method.
The effect of geomagnetic storm to national infrastructure including pipeline, power system and high-speed railway system is paid more and more concern. Compared to the study of power system, study of pipeline and high-speed railway system is insufficient at the present. Geomagnetically induced current(GIC)and pipe-soil potentials(PSP) induced in the pipeline during the geomagnetic storm is closely related to magnetic storm intensity, earth structure and network. Different earth conductivities at different depths have great influence on GIC and PSP induced in the pipeline. According to the principle of GIC and PSP induced in the buried pipeline and parameters of earth electric property of lithosphere, considering different earth conductivities at different depths, an subarea layered-earth conductivity model was constructed in this paper, recurrence relation of wave impedance in each layer and the relationship formula between earth electric field and earth magnetic field were also derived. The earth electric field and pipeline electric field based on the plane wave method were obtained, and methodology of the GIC and PSP in the pipeline based on distributed source transmission line(DSTL) theory was demonstrated. Then the GIC and PSP level in project of natural gas transmission from West to East China were calculated to illustrate availability of this method.
引文
[1]刘连光,刘春明,张冰.磁暴对我国特高压电网的影响研究[J].电网技术,2009,33(11):1-5.Liu Lianguang,Liu Chunming,Zhang Bing.Effects of geomagnetic storm to UHV power grids in China[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(11):1-5(in Chinese).
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[12]中国地震局监测预报司.地震电磁数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:6-24.
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[14]张冰,刘连光,肖湘宁.采用电网直流等效模型评估地磁感应电流水平的影响因素分析[J].电网技术,2009,33(8):13-17.Zhang Bing,Liu Lianguang,Xiao Xiangning.Analysis of impacts on Geomagnetically induced current level evaluation by power network DC equivalent model[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(8):13-17(in Chinese).
[15]Trichtchenko L,Boteler D H.Modelling of geomagnetic induction in pipelines[J].Annales Geophysicae,2002,20(7):1068-1069.
[16]Boteler D H,Foss A.GIC simulation using network modeling[C]//Canadian Conference on the Electrical and Computer Engineering(CCECE).Ottawa,Canada,IEEE,2006:1-4.
[17]Lehinen M Pirjola R Currents produced in earthed conductor networks by geomagnetically-induced electric field[J].Annales Geophysicae,1985,3(4):479-484.
[18]郑宽,刘连光,David,等.多电压等级电网的GIC-Benchmark建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):179-186.Zheng Kuan,Liu Liaguang,David,et al.Modeling of GIC-Benchmark in multi-voltage power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):179-186(in Chinese).
[19]袁学诚.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:53-56.
[20]杨宝俊.在地学断面域内用地震学方法研究大陆地壳[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:17-35.
[21]Liu Chunming,Liu Lianguang,Pirjola R.Calculation of GIC in mid-low-latitude power grids based on the plane wave method:A preliminary case study[J].Space Weather,2009,7(4):1291-1298.
[22]Liu Chunming,Liu Lianguang,Pirjola R.Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltage power grid in China[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(4):2368-2374.
[2]Boteler D H.Geomagnetic effects on the pipe to soil potentials of a continental pipeline[J].Advances in Space Research,2000,26(1):15-20.
[3]Fernberg P A,Samson C,Boteler D H,et al.Earth conductivity structures and their effects on geomagnetic induction in pipelines[J].Annales Geophysicae,2007,25(1):207-208.
[4]Viljanen A,Pulkkinen A,Pirjola R,et al.Recordings of geomagnetically induced currents and a nowcasting service of the Finnish natural gas pipeline system[J].Space Weather.2006,4(10):239-251.
[5]Hejda P.Geomagnetically induced pipe-to-soil voltages in the Czech oil pipelines during October-November 2003[J].Annales Geophysicae,2005,23(9):3092-3093.
[6]Boteler D H.Measurements of higher harmonics in AC interference on pipelines[C]//Nace International Corrosion Conference,Ottawa,NACE,2010,RP-10107:4-7.
[7]Boleter D H.Distributed-source transmission line theory for electromagnetic induction studies[C]//Zurich EMC symposium,United States of America,IEEE,1997:401-408.
[8]Pulkkinen A,Pirjola R,Boteler D,et al.Modelling of space weather effects on pipelines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,48(4):233-234.
[9]安四喜,陈秀儒.大地电磁测深法的现状、作用及发展趋势[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995(33):16-26.An Sixi,Chen Xiuru.Development tendency,use and current situation of magnetotelluric method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995(33):16-26(in Chinese).
[10]魏文博.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):245-54.Wei Wenbo.New development tendency and expectation of magnetotelluric method in China[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):245-54(in Chinese).
[11]刘春明.中低纬电网地磁感应电流及其评估方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010:26-33.
[12]中国地震局监测预报司.地震电磁数字观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2002:6-24.
[13]文俊,刘连光,项颂,等.地磁感应电流对电网安全稳定运行的影响[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):24-26.Wen Jun,Liu Lianguang,Xiang Song,et al.Influences of geomagnetic induced currents on security and stability of power systems[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):24-26(in Chinese).
[14]张冰,刘连光,肖湘宁.采用电网直流等效模型评估地磁感应电流水平的影响因素分析[J].电网技术,2009,33(8):13-17.Zhang Bing,Liu Lianguang,Xiao Xiangning.Analysis of impacts on Geomagnetically induced current level evaluation by power network DC equivalent model[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(8):13-17(in Chinese).
[15]Trichtchenko L,Boteler D H.Modelling of geomagnetic induction in pipelines[J].Annales Geophysicae,2002,20(7):1068-1069.
[16]Boteler D H,Foss A.GIC simulation using network modeling[C]//Canadian Conference on the Electrical and Computer Engineering(CCECE).Ottawa,Canada,IEEE,2006:1-4.
[17]Lehinen M Pirjola R Currents produced in earthed conductor networks by geomagnetically-induced electric field[J].Annales Geophysicae,1985,3(4):479-484.
[18]郑宽,刘连光,David,等.多电压等级电网的GIC-Benchmark建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):179-186.Zheng Kuan,Liu Liaguang,David,et al.Modeling of GIC-Benchmark in multi-voltage power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):179-186(in Chinese).
[19]袁学诚.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:53-56.
[20]杨宝俊.在地学断面域内用地震学方法研究大陆地壳[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:17-35.
[21]Liu Chunming,Liu Lianguang,Pirjola R.Calculation of GIC in mid-low-latitude power grids based on the plane wave method:A preliminary case study[J].Space Weather,2009,7(4):1291-1298.
[22]Liu Chunming,Liu Lianguang,Pirjola R.Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltage power grid in China[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(4):2368-2374.
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