微破裂四维影像技术在水力压裂效果监测中的应用
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摘要
水力压裂形成的人工裂缝监测结果是优化压裂方案的重要依据,目前监测压裂效果的方法较多,地面微地震监测技术施工容易、成本较低,但微地震信号弱,受干扰严重,采用多道同型波初至提取时差求解法进行震源定位的地面微地震检测结果基本不可信。微破裂四维影像监测技术采用多波多分量数据采集技术,用能量扫描法定位震源点,填补了传统方法进行震源定位的不足,实现低信噪比信号的震源定位,但地震波分辨率影响了其裂缝参数的描述精度,导致监测结果也具有多解性。从水力压裂过程中微地震产生的机理出发,论述了微破裂四维影像技术识别无效剪切缝和有效人工裂缝的方法,以应用实例阐述了微破裂四维影像监测结果的解释过程,实践证明,在不具备井下微地震监测的条件下,该技术是评价压裂效果的有效手段。
Artificial fracture monitoring results formed by hydraulic fracturing is an important basis for to optimize the volume fracturing program.At present,there are lots of approaches to monitor the fracture.The technology of the ground micro seismic monitoring fracturing effect is easy and its cost is low,but there are lots of restrictions,for example:the ground is far from the epicenter,with weak signals,and many interfering factors,which seriously affect the monitoring accuracy.Early use of multi-channel to extract the same type of wave difference method for solving the surface microseismic source location detection results are basically undesirable The micro-fracture dimensional video monitoring technology uses multi-wave multi-component data acquisition technology.Besides,it applies the energy scanning method to locate the focal point,and fill the inadequacies of the traditional method to locate the focal point,which makes use of the wave to the beginning of the same type of multi-channel extraction method for solving difference.Then it achieves low signal noise ratio of the signal source location.However,the resolution of seismic waves affect the accuracy of its fracture parameters described,leading to the monitoring results with multiple solutions.This paper begins from the mechanism of micro-earthquake hydraulic fracturing process,discusses the ways of four-dimensional imaging technology to identify micro-fractures invalid and effective artificial joints shear cracks,and described the four-dimensional imaging of micro fracture monitoring results of the interpretation process described application examples.Practice has proved that this technique is an effective way to evaluate the effect of fracturing without the conditions of the underground micro-seismic monitoring.
Artificial fracture monitoring results formed by hydraulic fracturing is an important basis for to optimize the volume fracturing program.At present,there are lots of approaches to monitor the fracture.The technology of the ground micro seismic monitoring fracturing effect is easy and its cost is low,but there are lots of restrictions,for example:the ground is far from the epicenter,with weak signals,and many interfering factors,which seriously affect the monitoring accuracy.Early use of multi-channel to extract the same type of wave difference method for solving the surface microseismic source location detection results are basically undesirable The micro-fracture dimensional video monitoring technology uses multi-wave multi-component data acquisition technology.Besides,it applies the energy scanning method to locate the focal point,and fill the inadequacies of the traditional method to locate the focal point,which makes use of the wave to the beginning of the same type of multi-channel extraction method for solving difference.Then it achieves low signal noise ratio of the signal source location.However,the resolution of seismic waves affect the accuracy of its fracture parameters described,leading to the monitoring results with multiple solutions.This paper begins from the mechanism of micro-earthquake hydraulic fracturing process,discusses the ways of four-dimensional imaging technology to identify micro-fractures invalid and effective artificial joints shear cracks,and described the four-dimensional imaging of micro fracture monitoring results of the interpretation process described application examples.Practice has proved that this technique is an effective way to evaluate the effect of fracturing without the conditions of the underground micro-seismic monitoring.
引文
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[2]张金成.电位法井间监测技术[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):292-300.
[3]李永林,梁秀红.CDMA电位法动态监测技术在河122区块注水开发中的应用[J].内江科技,2010,11:116.
[4]唐梅荣,张矿生,樊凤玲.地面测斜仪在长庆油田裂缝测试中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,21(1):107-110.
[5]宋维琪,陈泽东,毛中华.水力压裂裂缝微地震监测技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.
[6]王维波,周瑶琪,春兰.地面微地震监测SET、震源定位特性研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(5):45-50.
[7]李汝勇,石德佩,李秀生,等.牙哈凝析油气田注气监测技术[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):111-113.
[8]梁兵,朱广生.油气田勘探开发中的微震监测方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:5-80.
[9]Jaeger J C,Cook N G W.Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].3rd Edition London:Chapman and Hall,1979:143-194.
[10]周瑶琪,王爱国,陈勇,等.岩石压裂过程中的声发射信号研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(2):94-97.
[11]张山,刘清林,赵群,等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231.
[12]张林,赵喜民,刘池洋,等.沉积作用对水力压裂裂缝缝长的限制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):201-203.
[13]沈琛,梁北援,李宗田.微破裂向量扫描技术原理[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):744-748.
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