有关1976年唐山地震发震断层的讨论
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摘要
对《地震地质》刊登的两篇文章中有关唐山断裂是高角度西倾的逆冲走滑断裂及唐山市东侧付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震的发震断裂的观点进行讨论。笔者认为,如果唐山地震断层是西倾的逆冲走滑活动,需要考虑唐山逆冲断裂的活动方式与唐山市西侧第四纪凹陷之间的关系;如果付庄-西河断裂是唐山地震震源构造的地表破裂,需要解释该西倾的倾滑断裂带与唐山市内走滑地裂缝带的成因联系。此外,还需要更有说服力的证据排除该地表破裂带是次生构造破裂的可能。建议对控制草泊第四纪凹陷的活动断裂开展调查。
The opinions of two papers from this publication are discussed in the paper. One is that the Tang￣shan Fault is a high-angle, west-dip and thrust with strike-slip fault. The other is that the Fuzhuang-Xihe Fault distributed at the east side of Tangshan city is the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake. For the former opinion, it needs to explain the relationship between the active style of the thrust Tangshan Fault and the formation genesis of a Quaternary depression along the west side of Tangshan city. For the latter opinion, if the Fuzhuang-Xihe Fault is the seismogenic fault of the Tangshan earthquake, it needs to explain the genesis relationship between this surface rupture zone with west-dip and the surface rupture that extents through the Tangshan city with strike-slip. And it needs more evidence to get rid of the possibility, that is, the surface rupture belongs to secondary structure rupture. The paper suggests doing more work on the active fault that controls the Caobo Quaternary depression.
The opinions of two papers from this publication are discussed in the paper. One is that the Tang￣shan Fault is a high-angle, west-dip and thrust with strike-slip fault. The other is that the Fuzhuang-Xihe Fault distributed at the east side of Tangshan city is the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake. For the former opinion, it needs to explain the relationship between the active style of the thrust Tangshan Fault and the formation genesis of a Quaternary depression along the west side of Tangshan city. For the latter opinion, if the Fuzhuang-Xihe Fault is the seismogenic fault of the Tangshan earthquake, it needs to explain the genesis relationship between this surface rupture zone with west-dip and the surface rupture that extents through the Tangshan city with strike-slip. And it needs more evidence to get rid of the possibility, that is, the surface rupture belongs to secondary structure rupture. The paper suggests doing more work on the active fault that controls the Caobo Quaternary depression.
引文
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郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93—97.HAOShu-jian,YOUHui-chuan.2001.AdetaileddetectionoftheTangshanactivefaultusingshallowseismicsurvey[J].SeismologyandGeology,23(1):93—97(inChinese).
李建华,郝书俭,胡玉台,等.1998.1976年唐山地震发震断裂的活动性研究[J].地震地质,20(1):27—33.LIJian-hua,HAOShu-jian,HUYu-tai,etal.1998.AstudyonactivityoftheseismologicalfaultfortheTangshanearthquakeof1976[J].SeismologyandGeology,20(1):27—33(inChinese).
孟宪梁,杜春涛,李学新,等.1985.构造体系的活动规律与唐山地震[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.40—49.MENGXian-liang,DUChun-tao,LIXue-xin,etal.1985.ActivityRegulationofTectonicSystemandTangshanEarthquake[A].In:LIUHui-xian(ed).DisasterofGreatTangshanEarthquake(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.40—49(inChinese).
邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.2005.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,27(4):669—677.QIUZe-hua,MAJin,LIUGuo-xi.2005.DiscoveryofthegreatfaultoftheTangshanearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,27(4):669—677(inChinese).
石川有三,朱传镇,曹天青.1983.唐山、海城、盐源?宁蒗地震强余震特征[J].地震学报,5(1):15—30.ISHIKAWAYuzo,ZHUChuan-zhen,CAOTian-qing.1983.Onsomecharacteristicsofstrongaftershocksofthe1976Tangshan,1975Haichengand1976Yanyuan-Ninglangearthquakes[J].ActaSeimologicaSinica,5(1):15—30(inChinese).
唐山工作队.1977.唐山大震发震构造[J].地震战线,(2):5—7.TheTangshanearthquakeworkinggroup.1977.SeismotectonicoftheTangshangreatearthquake[J].EarthquakeFront,(2):5—7(inChinese).
王景明,郑文俊,陈国顺,等.1981.唐山地震断面主断裂带及地震成因[J].地震研究,4(4):437—450.WANGJing-ming,ZHENGWen-jun,CHENGuo-shun,etal.1981.Astudyontheprincipalsurfacefracturebeltcre-atedbytheTangshanearthquakeandthecauseofoccurrenceoftheearthquake[J].JournalofSeismologicalRe-search,4(4):437—450(inChinese).
王乃樑,韩慕康.1984.构造地貌的理论、方法、应用与动向[A].见:中国地理学会地貌专业委员会编辑.中国地理学会第一次构造地貌学术讨论会论文选集.北京:科学出版社.1—9.WANGNai-liang,HANMu-kang.1984.Theory,method,application,andtendencyoftectonicgeomorphology[A].In:GeomorphologicalCommissionofChinaGeographySociety(ed).Paperselectionsfromthemeetingfor1sttec-tonicgeomorphologyheldbyChinaGeographySociety.SciencePress,Beijing.1—9(inChinese).
吴开统,王泽皋,吕培苓.1982.地震参数与系列[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.33—70.WUKai-tong,WANGZe-gao,LPei-ling.1982.Seismicparametersandseries[A].In:EditorialGroupof“the1976TangshanEarthquake”,SSB.The1976TangshanEarthquake.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.33—70(inChinese).
向宏发,王学潮,虢顺民,等.2000.聊城?兰考隐伏断裂第四纪活动性的综合探测研究[J].地震地质,22(4):351—359.XIANGHong-fa,WANGXue-chao,GUOShun-min,etal.2000.IntegratedsurveyandinvestigationontheQuaterna-ryactivityoftheLiaocheng-Lankaoburiedfault[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(4):351—359(inChinese).
杨理华.1982.烈度与震害[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.1—32.YANGLi-hua.1982.Earthquakeintensityanddisaster[A].In:EditorialGroupof“the1976TangshanEarth-quake”,SSB.1982.The1976TangshanEarthquake.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—32(inChinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,等.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):571—582.YOUHui-chuan,XUXi-wei,WUJian-ping,etal.2002.Studyontherelationshipbetweenshallowanddeepstruc-turesinthe1976Tangshanearthquakearea[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(4):571—582(inChinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继承,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111—129.ZHANGZhi-li,LIQin-zu,GUJi-cheng,etal.1980.ThefractureprocessesoftheTangshanearthquakeanditsme-chanicalanalysis[J].ActaSeimologicaSinica,2(2):111—129(inChinese).
张祖胜.1984.利用大地测量资料反演地震震源参数的若干问题[J].地震学报,6(2):167—181.ZHANGZu-sheng.1984.Someproblemsininversionofseismicsourceparametersfromgeodeticdata[J].ActaSe-imologicaSinica,6(2):167—181(inChinese).
貝塚爽平.1990.序説:变動地形研究[A].见:米倉伸之、岡田篤正、森山昭雄编.变動地形とテクトニクス.東京:古今院.1—17.KAIZUKASohei.1990.Studiesontectoniclandform-Anoverview[A].In:YONEKURANobuyuki,OKADAAtsu-masaandMORIYAMAAkio(ed).TectonicLandforms.Houseofancientandtoday,Tokyo.1—17(inJapa-nese).
ButlerR,StewartGS,KananmoriH.1979.TheJuly27,1976Tangshan,ChinaEarthquake,Acomplexsequenceofintraplateevents[J].BullSeusmSoc,AM,69(1):207—220.
崔作舟,杜春涛,李学新,等.1981.唐山地震与活动构造体系的关系[J].中国地质科学院院报?五六二综合大队分刊,2(1):69—80.CUIZuo-zhou,DUChun-tao,LIXue-xin,etal.1981.RelationshipbetweenTangshanearthquakeandactivetectonicsystem[J].BulletinoftheChineseAcademyofGeologicalSciences,SeriesⅪ,Editedby562ComprehensiveGeologicalBrigade,2(1):69—80(inChinese).
杜春涛,孟宪梁,陈书贤.1985.唐山地震的地裂缝[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.174—189.DUChun-tao,MENGXian-liang,CHENShu-xian.1985.GroundfissuresoftheTangshanearthquake[A].In:LIUHui-xian(ed).DisasterofGreatTangshanEarthquake(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.174—189(inChi-nese).
国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组.1982.一九七六年唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社.EditorialGroupof“the1976TangshanEarthquake”,SSB.1982.The1976TangshanEarthquake[M].SeismologicalPress,Beijing(inChinese).
虢顺民,李志义,程绍平,等.1977.唐山地震区构造背景和发震模式的讨论[J].地质科学,(4):305—321.GUOShun-min,LIZhi-yi,CHENGShao-ping,etal.1977.DiscussionontheregionalstructuralbackgroundandtheseismogenicmodeloftheTangshanearthquake[J].ScientiaGeologicaSinica,(1):305—321(inChinese).
郝书俭,李建华,于之水,等.1998.唐山地震发震构造的浅层地震探测[J].中国地震,14(4):78—84.HAOShu-jian,LIJian-hua,YUzhi-shui,etal.1998.ShallowseismicexplorationoftheseismogenicstructuresofTangshanearthquake[J].EarthquakeResearchinChina,14(4):78—84(inChinese).
郝书俭,尤惠川.2001.唐山活动断层的浅层地震精细探测[J].地震地质,23(1):93—97.HAOShu-jian,YOUHui-chuan.2001.AdetaileddetectionoftheTangshanactivefaultusingshallowseismicsurvey[J].SeismologyandGeology,23(1):93—97(inChinese).
李建华,郝书俭,胡玉台,等.1998.1976年唐山地震发震断裂的活动性研究[J].地震地质,20(1):27—33.LIJian-hua,HAOShu-jian,HUYu-tai,etal.1998.AstudyonactivityoftheseismologicalfaultfortheTangshanearthquakeof1976[J].SeismologyandGeology,20(1):27—33(inChinese).
孟宪梁,杜春涛,李学新,等.1985.构造体系的活动规律与唐山地震[A].见:刘恢先主编.唐山大地震震害(一).北京:地震出版社.40—49.MENGXian-liang,DUChun-tao,LIXue-xin,etal.1985.ActivityRegulationofTectonicSystemandTangshanEarthquake[A].In:LIUHui-xian(ed).DisasterofGreatTangshanEarthquake(1).SeismologicalPress,Beijing.40—49(inChinese).
邱泽华,马瑾,刘国玺.2005.新发现的唐山地震大断层[J].地震地质,27(4):669—677.QIUZe-hua,MAJin,LIUGuo-xi.2005.DiscoveryofthegreatfaultoftheTangshanearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,27(4):669—677(inChinese).
石川有三,朱传镇,曹天青.1983.唐山、海城、盐源?宁蒗地震强余震特征[J].地震学报,5(1):15—30.ISHIKAWAYuzo,ZHUChuan-zhen,CAOTian-qing.1983.Onsomecharacteristicsofstrongaftershocksofthe1976Tangshan,1975Haichengand1976Yanyuan-Ninglangearthquakes[J].ActaSeimologicaSinica,5(1):15—30(inChinese).
唐山工作队.1977.唐山大震发震构造[J].地震战线,(2):5—7.TheTangshanearthquakeworkinggroup.1977.SeismotectonicoftheTangshangreatearthquake[J].EarthquakeFront,(2):5—7(inChinese).
王景明,郑文俊,陈国顺,等.1981.唐山地震断面主断裂带及地震成因[J].地震研究,4(4):437—450.WANGJing-ming,ZHENGWen-jun,CHENGuo-shun,etal.1981.Astudyontheprincipalsurfacefracturebeltcre-atedbytheTangshanearthquakeandthecauseofoccurrenceoftheearthquake[J].JournalofSeismologicalRe-search,4(4):437—450(inChinese).
王乃樑,韩慕康.1984.构造地貌的理论、方法、应用与动向[A].见:中国地理学会地貌专业委员会编辑.中国地理学会第一次构造地貌学术讨论会论文选集.北京:科学出版社.1—9.WANGNai-liang,HANMu-kang.1984.Theory,method,application,andtendencyoftectonicgeomorphology[A].In:GeomorphologicalCommissionofChinaGeographySociety(ed).Paperselectionsfromthemeetingfor1sttec-tonicgeomorphologyheldbyChinaGeographySociety.SciencePress,Beijing.1—9(inChinese).
吴开统,王泽皋,吕培苓.1982.地震参数与系列[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.33—70.WUKai-tong,WANGZe-gao,LPei-ling.1982.Seismicparametersandseries[A].In:EditorialGroupof“the1976TangshanEarthquake”,SSB.The1976TangshanEarthquake.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.33—70(inChinese).
向宏发,王学潮,虢顺民,等.2000.聊城?兰考隐伏断裂第四纪活动性的综合探测研究[J].地震地质,22(4):351—359.XIANGHong-fa,WANGXue-chao,GUOShun-min,etal.2000.IntegratedsurveyandinvestigationontheQuaterna-ryactivityoftheLiaocheng-Lankaoburiedfault[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(4):351—359(inChinese).
杨理华.1982.烈度与震害[A].见:国家地震局《一九七六年唐山地震》编辑组编.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.1—32.YANGLi-hua.1982.Earthquakeintensityanddisaster[A].In:EditorialGroupof“the1976TangshanEarth-quake”,SSB.1982.The1976TangshanEarthquake.SeismologicalPress,Beijing.1—32(inChinese).
尤惠川,徐锡伟,吴建平,等.2002.唐山地震深浅构造关系研究[J].地震地质,24(4):571—582.YOUHui-chuan,XUXi-wei,WUJian-ping,etal.2002.Studyontherelationshipbetweenshallowanddeepstruc-turesinthe1976Tangshanearthquakearea[J].SeismologyandGeology,24(4):571—582(inChinese).
张之立,李钦祖,谷继承,等.1980.唐山地震的破裂过程及其力学分析[J].地震学报,2(2):111—129.ZHANGZhi-li,LIQin-zu,GUJi-cheng,etal.1980.ThefractureprocessesoftheTangshanearthquakeanditsme-chanicalanalysis[J].ActaSeimologicaSinica,2(2):111—129(inChinese).
张祖胜.1984.利用大地测量资料反演地震震源参数的若干问题[J].地震学报,6(2):167—181.ZHANGZu-sheng.1984.Someproblemsininversionofseismicsourceparametersfromgeodeticdata[J].ActaSe-imologicaSinica,6(2):167—181(inChinese).
貝塚爽平.1990.序説:变動地形研究[A].见:米倉伸之、岡田篤正、森山昭雄编.变動地形とテクトニクス.東京:古今院.1—17.KAIZUKASohei.1990.Studiesontectoniclandform-Anoverview[A].In:YONEKURANobuyuki,OKADAAtsu-masaandMORIYAMAAkio(ed).TectonicLandforms.Houseofancientandtoday,Tokyo.1—17(inJapa-nese).
ButlerR,StewartGS,KananmoriH.1979.TheJuly27,1976Tangshan,ChinaEarthquake,Acomplexsequenceofintraplateevents[J].BullSeusmSoc,AM,69(1):207—220.
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