台湾海峡地区横向构造及其对东南沿海地震的作用
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摘要
台湾海峡两岸存在一系列断续分布、横贯台湾海峡的NW向断裂,研究表明为一系列具有走滑运动的横向构造,根据地壳运动、区域变形和断裂特征分为巴士断裂带、台中-晋江断裂带和宁德-三貂角断裂带。中部的台中-晋江断裂带是一条控制地壳运动南北差异的重要分界断裂,断裂带以北的东南沿海北部和台湾北部地壳整体向东运动,与琉球俯冲带右行走滑运动方向基本相同,形成一致的变形取向;断裂带以南处于华南地块与菲律宾海板块相向运动挤压变形环境,地壳变形比北部强烈。东南沿海地震强度增强趋势、地震南强北弱与该应变场和横向走滑有关:(1)由于该断裂以南比以北地区应力应变场变化大,多场耦合复杂,耦合程度降低,造成蠕动变形不均产生应力闭锁,孕育地震发生。(2)福建东部比台湾海峡地壳均一性差、地球物理场变化明显,组成更为复杂的多元、多场耦合,耦合场稳定性差,容易受横向构造活动干扰,产生弹性变形而孕育地震强度增强。
There are a series of NW-trending faults along the Taiwan Strait. Studies show that a series of transverse structures with strike-slip movements could be divided into three types according to the crustal movement,region deformation and fracture characteristic. The three types are the Bashi,Taizhong-Jingjiang and Ningde-Sandiaojiao fault zones respectively. The middle Taizhong-Jingjiang faulted zone is an important boundary which controls the different crustal movements between the north and the south. The whole crusts in the north(northern coastal Southeast China and northern Taiwan) move eastward,which is the same direction as the strike-slip movement of the Ryukyu subduction zone,and forms the same deformation direction. The south of the fault zone is under the compressive deformation environment between the South China Plate and Philippine Sea Plate,whose deformation is more intense than that of the north. The strengthening trend of seismicity in coastal Southeast China and the situation of stronger seismicity in the south than in the north are related to the stress field and strike-slip: (1) The stress field changes greater in the south fracture than in the north fracture,multi-fields couple complicatedly and the coupled degree decreases,leading to the asymmetric distribution of creep deformation and stresses locking,therefore,these contribute to the occurrence of earthquakes. (2) Crust uniformity in the east of Fujian is worse than the Taiwan Strait,geophysical field changes obviously,and the components of multi-fields coupling and multi-factors coupling fields are more complicated. Thus,the stability of coupling fields is not high,and it is easily disturbed by the transverse structural strike-slip to produce elastic deformations which contribute to the increase of seismicity.
There are a series of NW-trending faults along the Taiwan Strait. Studies show that a series of transverse structures with strike-slip movements could be divided into three types according to the crustal movement,region deformation and fracture characteristic. The three types are the Bashi,Taizhong-Jingjiang and Ningde-Sandiaojiao fault zones respectively. The middle Taizhong-Jingjiang faulted zone is an important boundary which controls the different crustal movements between the north and the south. The whole crusts in the north(northern coastal Southeast China and northern Taiwan) move eastward,which is the same direction as the strike-slip movement of the Ryukyu subduction zone,and forms the same deformation direction. The south of the fault zone is under the compressive deformation environment between the South China Plate and Philippine Sea Plate,whose deformation is more intense than that of the north. The strengthening trend of seismicity in coastal Southeast China and the situation of stronger seismicity in the south than in the north are related to the stress field and strike-slip: (1) The stress field changes greater in the south fracture than in the north fracture,multi-fields couple complicatedly and the coupled degree decreases,leading to the asymmetric distribution of creep deformation and stresses locking,therefore,these contribute to the occurrence of earthquakes. (2) Crust uniformity in the east of Fujian is worse than the Taiwan Strait,geophysical field changes obviously,and the components of multi-fields coupling and multi-factors coupling fields are more complicated. Thus,the stability of coupling fields is not high,and it is easily disturbed by the transverse structural strike-slip to produce elastic deformations which contribute to the increase of seismicity.
引文
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李涛,胡翠娥,吕坚,汤兰荣,邓世柄.2005.东南沿海地震带一组主导强震的准同步活动特征.华南地震,25(1):59-66.
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沈金瑞,傅文杰,沈春芳.2007.基于断块运动机制的台湾海峡两岸地震区划分及其地震关联性.世界地理研究,16(2):94-100.
史磷华,周峥嵘,鲍挺,倪晓寅.2006.福建及沿海地区地震活动力源探讨.地震,26(2):104-112.
王国纯.1997.台西盆地构造单元划分初探.中国海上油气,11(2):80-86.
王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,周爱华,黄奇志.2006.台湾西部前陆盆地的构造格局和演化规律.大地构造与成矿学,30(3):275-282.
王小亚,朱文耀,符养.2002.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳变形.地球物理学报,45(2):198-209.
汪一鹏,宋方敏,黄青团,陈伟光.2001.潮汕平原北西向断裂左旋走滑运动的地貌证据的速率.中国地震,17(1):35-43.
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,周本刚,李祥根,楚全芝.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨.地学前缘,10(特刊):193-198.
姚庆元,何昭星.1994.惠安埔塘-青山断裂带的活动特征.台湾海峡,13(1):101-108.
俞何兴,周颖蔚.2001.台湾北部及西部陆架之地貌与地质特征.中国科学(D辑),31(6):486-495.
藏绍先,宁杰远.2002.菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用及其对东亚构造运动的影响.地球物理学报.45(2):188-197.
钟建强,黄慈流,詹文欢,古森昌,刘海龄,刘帝光.1996.台西盆地新代构造的演化.海洋与湖沼,27(3):271-278.
周硕愚,帅平,郭逢英,陈兆湟,邓干金,周昕,陈园田.2000.中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究.地震学报,22(1):66-72.
Chen R R and Watkins J S.1995.Structure and stratigraphy ofSouth Pengchiahsu Basin,northern offshore Taiwan.Petro-leum Geology ofTaiwan,29,127-170.
Lu C Y,Angelier J,Chu HTand Lee J C.1995.Contraction-al,transcurrent,rotational and extensional tectonics—Ex-amples from northern Taiwan.Tectonophysics,246(1-3):129-146.
Teng L S.1996.Extensional collapse of the northern Taiwanmountain belt.Geology,24(10):949-952.
Yu S B and Kuo L C.1999.GPS observation of crustal deformation in Taiwan-Luzou region.Geophysical Research Letters,26(7):923-926.
陈运平,赵崇斌,林舸.2008.深部岩石力学性质及其在大陆构造变形过程研究中的作用.大地构造与成矿学,32(8):276-284.
丁祥焕.1999.福建东南沿海活动断裂与地震.福建:福建科学技术出版社,122-135.
丁祥焕,王耀东,叶盛基.1999.福建东南沿海活动断裂与地震.福州:福建科学技术出版社,135-142.
丁学仁,吴长江.1999.福建及其沿海地区中强以上地震震源机制解研究.地壳变形与地震,19(1):95-97.
丁原章,梁劳.1992.巴士系构造的地震危险性.华南地震,12(3):1-14.
福建省地质矿产局.1985.福建省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,537-539.
顾堇萍,吕培芩,彭美凤,康春丽,张凌空.2004.华南地区地震地震活动特征与台湾强震影响.地震,24(1):55-59.
郭令智,马瑞士,施央申,卢华复,朱文斌,张庆龙,舒良树,贾东.1998.论西太平洋活动大陆边缘中-新生代弧后盆地分类和演化.成都理工学院学报,25(2):134-144.
黄卿团,汪一鹏,宋方敏,庄进耀.2001.福建漳州盆地岱山岩-珩坑北西向断裂带第四活动特征.华南地震,21(2):28-35.
李涛,胡翠娥,吕坚,汤兰荣,邓世柄.2005.东南沿海地震带一组主导强震的准同步活动特征.华南地震,25(1):59-66.
李献智.1994.东南沿海地震带地震序列特征与迁移规律.华南地震,14(3):58-60.
李献智,张国民.1995.台湾东地震带地震活动特征及与大陆地震的关系.地震研究,18(1):16-20.
李延兴,胡新康,李智,耿洪,郭良迁,郭逢英,史磷华,林继华,丁学仁,刘序俨.2002.台湾海峡地区的地壳运动与变形.地震学报,24(5):487-495.
刘与锟,郭逢英,陈兆煌,黄立人,马青.1998.福建省现代地壳垂直运动与断裂活动.地壳变形与地震,18(4):68-73.
马杏垣,丁国瑜,高文学,张海根,张步春,马宗晋.1989.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,39.
马宗晋,王乾盈,徐杰.2002.台湾海峡两岸横向构造的对比研究.中国科学(D辑),32(6):441-451.
沈金瑞,傅文杰,沈春芳.2007.基于断块运动机制的台湾海峡两岸地震区划分及其地震关联性.世界地理研究,16(2):94-100.
史磷华,周峥嵘,鲍挺,倪晓寅.2006.福建及沿海地区地震活动力源探讨.地震,26(2):104-112.
王国纯.1997.台西盆地构造单元划分初探.中国海上油气,11(2):80-86.
王海荣,王英民,刘振湖,周爱华,黄奇志.2006.台湾西部前陆盆地的构造格局和演化规律.大地构造与成矿学,30(3):275-282.
王小亚,朱文耀,符养.2002.GPS监测的中国及其周边现时地壳变形.地球物理学报,45(2):198-209.
汪一鹏,宋方敏,黄青团,陈伟光.2001.潮汕平原北西向断裂左旋走滑运动的地貌证据的速率.中国地震,17(1):35-43.
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,周本刚,李祥根,楚全芝.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨.地学前缘,10(特刊):193-198.
姚庆元,何昭星.1994.惠安埔塘-青山断裂带的活动特征.台湾海峡,13(1):101-108.
俞何兴,周颖蔚.2001.台湾北部及西部陆架之地貌与地质特征.中国科学(D辑),31(6):486-495.
藏绍先,宁杰远.2002.菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用及其对东亚构造运动的影响.地球物理学报.45(2):188-197.
钟建强,黄慈流,詹文欢,古森昌,刘海龄,刘帝光.1996.台西盆地新代构造的演化.海洋与湖沼,27(3):271-278.
周硕愚,帅平,郭逢英,陈兆湟,邓干金,周昕,陈园田.2000.中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究.地震学报,22(1):66-72.
Chen R R and Watkins J S.1995.Structure and stratigraphy ofSouth Pengchiahsu Basin,northern offshore Taiwan.Petro-leum Geology ofTaiwan,29,127-170.
Lu C Y,Angelier J,Chu HTand Lee J C.1995.Contraction-al,transcurrent,rotational and extensional tectonics—Ex-amples from northern Taiwan.Tectonophysics,246(1-3):129-146.
Teng L S.1996.Extensional collapse of the northern Taiwanmountain belt.Geology,24(10):949-952.
Yu S B and Kuo L C.1999.GPS observation of crustal deformation in Taiwan-Luzou region.Geophysical Research Letters,26(7):923-926.
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