地震孕育体源流变模型(二)——应变场及其应用
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摘要
在弹性包体理论的基础上 ,建立了流变介质包体模型理论的应变场的理论解 ,导出流变介质中的包体在任意一点产生的正应变、剪应变及体应变的粘弹性解析解 ,即正应变、剪应变和体应变的表达式 .通过计算三维粘弹性介质中球形硬包体与软包体在地面引起的体应变场的时空演化过程 ,得到了一些非常有意义的结果 ,即球形硬包体在地面产生的体应变随时间的变化曲线出现了特征不同的 3个阶段 (α ,β ,γ) ,它与大量地形变资料出现的α ,β ,γ阶段相似 ,而球形软包体却没有这个特征 .这些结果对地震前兆的形态特征、前兆的象限性、前兆时空演化的阶段性、短临前兆突发性以及前兆异常时间的地区性等的解释具有启示意义 .这为地震前兆物理模式的建立提供了理论基础 ,并将为实现地震的物理预测发挥作用 .
On the basis of the three dimensional elastic inclusion model, we derived the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain field, i.e., the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain at an arbitrary point ( x, y, z) in x axis, y axis and z axis produced by three dimension inclusion in the semi infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model, namely the normal strains ε xx (r, t) , ε yy (r, t) and ε zz (r, t), the shear strains ε xy (r, t) and ε yx (r, t) , ε yz (r, t) and ε zy (r, t), ε xz (r, t) and ε zx (r, t), and the bulk strain θ (r, t). By computing the spatial temporal variation of bulk strain on the ground produced by a spherical rheologic inclusion in a semi infinite rheologic medium, we obtained some significant results that the bulk strain variation with time produced by a hard inclusion has three stages ( α, β, γ) with different characteristics, which are similar to those of most geodetic deformation curves, but not the case for those by a soft inclusion. It is meaningful that these theoretical results have been applied to explain preliminarily the characteristics of stage variation of spatial temporal evolution, the pattern and quadrant distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short term and imminent term precursors. It offers a theoretical base to found the physical model of earthquake precursors and a reference to predict physically the earthquakes.
On the basis of the three dimensional elastic inclusion model, we derived the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain field, i.e., the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain at an arbitrary point ( x, y, z) in x axis, y axis and z axis produced by three dimension inclusion in the semi infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model, namely the normal strains ε xx (r, t) , ε yy (r, t) and ε zz (r, t), the shear strains ε xy (r, t) and ε yx (r, t) , ε yz (r, t) and ε zy (r, t), ε xz (r, t) and ε zx (r, t), and the bulk strain θ (r, t). By computing the spatial temporal variation of bulk strain on the ground produced by a spherical rheologic inclusion in a semi infinite rheologic medium, we obtained some significant results that the bulk strain variation with time produced by a hard inclusion has three stages ( α, β, γ) with different characteristics, which are similar to those of most geodetic deformation curves, but not the case for those by a soft inclusion. It is meaningful that these theoretical results have been applied to explain preliminarily the characteristics of stage variation of spatial temporal evolution, the pattern and quadrant distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short term and imminent term precursors. It offers a theoretical base to found the physical model of earthquake precursors and a reference to predict physically the earthquakes.
引文
冯德益.1983.地震前兆三阶段发展过程的观测结果与理论[J].地震研究,6(2):211～226
李宣瑚.1981.水氡异常的扩散收缩现象[J].地震,5:340～357
梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等.1993.中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,30～41
宋治平.1996.加卸载响应比与其它地震前兆时空演化研究及其应用[D]:[学位论文].北京:国家地震局地球物理研究所,15～110
宋治平,尹祥础,梅世蓉.2000.包体流变模型体应变时空演变的理论分析[J].地震学报,22(5):491～500
宋治平,徐平,张洪魁,等.2001.地震前兆的象限性特征及其理论分析[J].地震学报,23(1):54～60
宋治平,尹祥础,梅世蓉.2003.地震孕育体源模型(一)位移场[J].地震学报,25(6):574～582
王新华,尹祥础,滕春凯.1984.断层失稳前的扩展及电阻率前兆[J].中国科学(B辑),(11):988～998
许昭永,王彬,赵晋明,等.1997.组合坚固体岩样应变扰动和波速变化[J].地震学报,19(1):79～85
郑治真.1979.根据地下水资料的数字滤波探讨唐山大地震的孕育过程[J].地球物理学报,22(4):267～280
藤井阳一郎.1974.地震发生前の异常地壳变动继续时间とマク′ニチュドとの关系[J].地震,27(2):197～214
MesherikovJA .1968.Recentcrustalmovementsinseismicregion:geodeticandgeomorphicdata[J].Tectonophysics,6:29～39
ДоброволъскийИП.1991.ТеорияПодготовкuТектонuческогоЗемлестрясения[M].Москвa:ИФЗАНСССР,1～218
李宣瑚.1981.水氡异常的扩散收缩现象[J].地震,5:340～357
梅世蓉,冯德益,张国民,等.1993.中国地震预报概论[M].北京:地震出版社,30～41
宋治平.1996.加卸载响应比与其它地震前兆时空演化研究及其应用[D]:[学位论文].北京:国家地震局地球物理研究所,15～110
宋治平,尹祥础,梅世蓉.2000.包体流变模型体应变时空演变的理论分析[J].地震学报,22(5):491～500
宋治平,徐平,张洪魁,等.2001.地震前兆的象限性特征及其理论分析[J].地震学报,23(1):54～60
宋治平,尹祥础,梅世蓉.2003.地震孕育体源模型(一)位移场[J].地震学报,25(6):574～582
王新华,尹祥础,滕春凯.1984.断层失稳前的扩展及电阻率前兆[J].中国科学(B辑),(11):988～998
许昭永,王彬,赵晋明,等.1997.组合坚固体岩样应变扰动和波速变化[J].地震学报,19(1):79～85
郑治真.1979.根据地下水资料的数字滤波探讨唐山大地震的孕育过程[J].地球物理学报,22(4):267～280
藤井阳一郎.1974.地震发生前の异常地壳变动继续时间とマク′ニチュドとの关系[J].地震,27(2):197～214
MesherikovJA .1968.Recentcrustalmovementsinseismicregion:geodeticandgeomorphicdata[J].Tectonophysics,6:29～39
ДоброволъскийИП.1991.ТеорияПодготовкuТектонuческогоЗемлестрясения[M].Москвa:ИФЗАНСССР,1～218
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