哥斯达黎加地震起源计划——IODP 334航次介绍
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摘要
2011年3月13日至4月13日哥斯达黎加地震起源计划IODP 334航次在中美洲哥斯达黎加俯冲带大陆边缘斜坡带实施。该航次的主要科学目标是研究俯冲剥蚀控制的俯冲带大地震的聚集和破裂过程。在1个月的钻探时间内,总共在4个站位、8个钻孔中获得1 492.88 m的岩芯,获得许多中新世到现代的火山灰层,初步确定上覆板块内沉积物和基底的岩性变化以及俯冲可可洋脊为玄武岩基底的特征。
The Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project(CRISP)(IODP Expedition 334) was carried out on the continental margin slope apron in the Costa Rica subduction zone in Central America during March 13 to April 13,2011.The primary scientific goals of this expedition are to understand the processes that control nucleation and seismic rupture of large earthquakes at erosion-controlled subduction zone.During one month drilling,onboard totally 1492.88 meters long cores were obtained at four sites and eight holes.Tephra layers with ages ranging from Miocene to present were indentified.Rock variation characteristic of sediments and basement rocks were preliminary defined and basalt from the oceanic Cocos ridge basement was recovered.
The Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project(CRISP)(IODP Expedition 334) was carried out on the continental margin slope apron in the Costa Rica subduction zone in Central America during March 13 to April 13,2011.The primary scientific goals of this expedition are to understand the processes that control nucleation and seismic rupture of large earthquakes at erosion-controlled subduction zone.During one month drilling,onboard totally 1492.88 meters long cores were obtained at four sites and eight holes.Tephra layers with ages ranging from Miocene to present were indentified.Rock variation characteristic of sediments and basement rocks were preliminary defined and basalt from the oceanic Cocos ridge basement was recovered.
引文
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[21]Vannucchi P,Scholl D W,Meschede M,et al.Tectonic erosionand consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica:Combined implications from ODP Leg 170,seismic offshore data,and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula[J].Tectonics,2001,20(5):649-668.
[22]Vannucchi P,Fisher D M,Bier S,et al.From seamount accre-tion to tectonic erosion:Formation of Osa mélange and the effectsof Cocos Ridge subduction in southern Costa Rica[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4):TC2004.
[23]Buchs D M,Baumgartner P O.The Osa-Cao Accretionary Com-plex(southern Costa Rica):Sedimentary processes in the MiddleAmerican Trench recorded in an emerged Eocene-Miocene accre-tionary prism[C]∥10th Meeting of Swiss Sedimentologists(SWISS SED),Fribourg,Switzerland,2003.
[24]Meschede M,Zweigel P,Kiefer E.Subsidence and extension ata convergent plate margin:Evidence for subduction erosion offCosta Rica[J].Terra Nova,1999,11(2/3):112-117.
[25]Jannasch H W,Davis E E,Kastner M,et al.CORK-II:Long-term monitoring of fluid chemistry,fluxes,and hydrology in in-strumented boreholes at the Costa Rica subduction zone[R]∥Morris J D,Villinger H W,Klaus A.Proceedings of the OceanDrilling Program,Initial Report,205:College Station,TX(O-cean Drilling Program),2003:1-36.
[26]Morris J,Valentine R,Harrison T.10Be imaging of sediment ac-cretion and subduction along the northeast Japan and Costa Ricaconvergent margins[J].Geology,2002,30(1):59-62.
[27]Solomon E A,Kastner M,Wheat C G,et al.Long-term hydro-geochemical records in the oceanic basement and forearc prism atthe Costa Rica subduction zone[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2009,282(1/4):240-251.
[28]Von Herzen R P,Uyeda S.Heat flow through the Eastern PacificOcean floor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68:4 219-4 250.
[29]Vacquier V,Sclater J G,Correy C E.Studies of the thermalstate of the Earth:Heat flow,Eastern Pacific[J].Bulletin of theEarthquake Research Institute,1967,45:375-393.
[30]Stavenhagen A U,Flueh E R,Ranero C R,et al.Seismic wide-angle investigations in Costa Rica—A crustal velocity model fromthe Pacific to the caribbean coast[J].Zentralblatt für Geologicalund Palontologie,TeilΙ,1997,3/6:393-408.
[31]Walther C.The crustal structure of the Cocos ridge off Costa Rica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B3):21-36.
[32]Zhu J,Kopp H,Klaeschen D,et al.Margin architecture andseismic attenuation in the central Costa Rican forearc[J].MarineGeology,2010,276:30-41.
[33]Christeson G L,McIntosh K D,Shipley T H.Seismic attenuationin the Costa Rica margin wedge:Amplitude modeling of oceanbottom hydrophone data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,179:391-405.
[2]Liu Zhifei,Tuo Shouting.Scientific ocean drilling programs:Re-view and prospect[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2007,29(3):141-151.[刘志飞,拓守廷.科学大洋钻探回顾与展望[J].自然杂志,2007,29(3):141-151.]
[3]Expedition 334 Scientists.Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project(CRISP):Sampling and Quantifying Input to the SeismogenicZone and Fluid Output[R].Integrated Ocean Drilling ProgramExpedition 334 Preliminary Report,2011:1-67.
[4]Vannucchi P,Ujiie K,Gamage K.Costa Rica Seismogenesis Pro-ject(CRISP):Sampling and Quantifying Input to the SeismogenicZone and Fluid Output[R].Integrated Ocean Drilling ProgramExpedition 334 Scientific Prospectus,2010:1-53.
[5]Zhu J,Kopp H,Flueh E R,et al.Crustal structure of the centralCosta Rica subduction zone:Implications for basal erosion fromseismic wide-angle data[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,178:1 112-1 131.
[6]Mann P,Rogers R D,Gahagan L.Overview of plate tectonic his-tory and its unresolved tectonic problems[M]∥Bunddchuh J,Al-varado G,eds.Central America:Geology,Resources and Haz-ards,2007:267-274.
[7]Hoernle K,Van den Bogaard P,Werner R,et al.Tectonic andbiological evolution of the Americas Missing history(16-71 Ma)ofthe Galpagos hotspot:Implications for the tectonic and biologicalevolution of the Americas[J].Geology,2002,30:795-798.
[8]Von Huene R,Ranero C R,Weinrebe W.Quaternary convergentmargin tectonics of Costa Rica,segmentation of the Cocos Plate,and Central American volcanism[J].Tectonics,2000,19:314-334.
[9]Hey R.Tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1977,88(12):1 404-1 420.
[10]Lonsdale P,Klitgord K D.Structure and tectonic history of theeastern Panama Basin[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1978,89(7):981-999.
[11]Van Andel T H,Heath G R,Malfait B T,et al.Tectonics of thePanama Basin,eastern equatorial Pacific[J].Geological Societyof America Bulletin,1971,82(6):1 489-1 508.
[12]Sigurdsson H,Kelley S,Leckie R M,et al.History of circum-Caribbean explosive volcanism:40Ar/39Ar dating of tephra layers[C]∥Leckie R M,Sigurdsson H,Acton G D,eds.Proceedingsof the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 165[R/OL].ht-tp:∥www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/165_SR/165 TOCHTM,2011.
[13]Jordan B R,Sigurdsson H,Carey S N,et al.Geochemical corre-lation of Caribbean Sea tephra layers with ignimbrites in CentralAmerica[M]∥Siebe C,Macias Gerardo J L,Aguirre-Díaz G J,eds.Neogene-Quaternary Continental Margin Volcanism:A Per-spective from México.Special Paper:Geological Society of Amer-ica,2006,402:175-208.
[14]Reagan M K,Gill J B.Coexisting calcalkaline and high-niobiumbasalts from Turrialba Volcano,Costa Rica:Implications for re-sidual titanates in arc magma sources[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1989,94(B4):4 619-4 633.
[15]Kutterolf S,Freundt A,Peréz W,et al.Pacific offshore record ofplinian arc volcanism in Central America:1.Along-arc correla-tions[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2008,9(2):Q02S01-Q02S26.
[16]Werner R,Hoernle K,Van den Bogaard P,et al.Drowned 14-m.y.-old Galápagos archipelago off the coast of Costa Rica:Im-plications for tectonic and evolutionary models[J].Geology,1999,27(6):499-502.
[17]Barckhausen U,Ranero C R,Von Huene R,et al.Revised tec-tonic boundaries in the Cocos plate off Costa Rica:Implicationsfor the segmentation of the convergent margin and for plate tecton-ic models[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B9):19 207-19 220.
[18]Ye S,Bialas J,Flueh E R,et al.Crustal structure of the MiddleAmerican Trench off Costa Rica from wide-angle seismic data[J].Tectonics,1996,15:1 006-1 021.
[19]Hinz K,Von Huene R,Ranero C R,et al.Tectonic structure ofthe convergent Pacific margin offshore Costa Rica from multichan-nel seismic reflection data[J].Tectonics,1996,15(1):54-66.
[20]Kimura G.Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Initial Re-ports[R].Ocean Drilling Program,College Station,Texas,1997.
[21]Vannucchi P,Scholl D W,Meschede M,et al.Tectonic erosionand consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica:Combined implications from ODP Leg 170,seismic offshore data,and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula[J].Tectonics,2001,20(5):649-668.
[22]Vannucchi P,Fisher D M,Bier S,et al.From seamount accre-tion to tectonic erosion:Formation of Osa mélange and the effectsof Cocos Ridge subduction in southern Costa Rica[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4):TC2004.
[23]Buchs D M,Baumgartner P O.The Osa-Cao Accretionary Com-plex(southern Costa Rica):Sedimentary processes in the MiddleAmerican Trench recorded in an emerged Eocene-Miocene accre-tionary prism[C]∥10th Meeting of Swiss Sedimentologists(SWISS SED),Fribourg,Switzerland,2003.
[24]Meschede M,Zweigel P,Kiefer E.Subsidence and extension ata convergent plate margin:Evidence for subduction erosion offCosta Rica[J].Terra Nova,1999,11(2/3):112-117.
[25]Jannasch H W,Davis E E,Kastner M,et al.CORK-II:Long-term monitoring of fluid chemistry,fluxes,and hydrology in in-strumented boreholes at the Costa Rica subduction zone[R]∥Morris J D,Villinger H W,Klaus A.Proceedings of the OceanDrilling Program,Initial Report,205:College Station,TX(O-cean Drilling Program),2003:1-36.
[26]Morris J,Valentine R,Harrison T.10Be imaging of sediment ac-cretion and subduction along the northeast Japan and Costa Ricaconvergent margins[J].Geology,2002,30(1):59-62.
[27]Solomon E A,Kastner M,Wheat C G,et al.Long-term hydro-geochemical records in the oceanic basement and forearc prism atthe Costa Rica subduction zone[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2009,282(1/4):240-251.
[28]Von Herzen R P,Uyeda S.Heat flow through the Eastern PacificOcean floor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68:4 219-4 250.
[29]Vacquier V,Sclater J G,Correy C E.Studies of the thermalstate of the Earth:Heat flow,Eastern Pacific[J].Bulletin of theEarthquake Research Institute,1967,45:375-393.
[30]Stavenhagen A U,Flueh E R,Ranero C R,et al.Seismic wide-angle investigations in Costa Rica—A crustal velocity model fromthe Pacific to the caribbean coast[J].Zentralblatt für Geologicalund Palontologie,TeilΙ,1997,3/6:393-408.
[31]Walther C.The crustal structure of the Cocos ridge off Costa Rica[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B3):21-36.
[32]Zhu J,Kopp H,Klaeschen D,et al.Margin architecture andseismic attenuation in the central Costa Rican forearc[J].MarineGeology,2010,276:30-41.
[33]Christeson G L,McIntosh K D,Shipley T H.Seismic attenuationin the Costa Rica margin wedge:Amplitude modeling of oceanbottom hydrophone data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2000,179:391-405.
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