地震火山地层学研究综述
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摘要
上个世纪60年代开始的深海钻探计划与其后的大洋钻探计划掀起了海洋研究的热潮。而研究被动大陆边缘,进而研究大陆张裂及至海底扩张的过程一直是这些计划的核心内容。挪威奥斯陆大学的Sverre Planke教授等在研究火山裂谷边缘时,提出了地震火山地层学的概念,用于分析火山沉积在地震上的响应。研究方法主要集中在对火山地震相单元的识别与描绘,并用火山岩知识对这些相单元进行解释。经过数年对大西洋沿岸和西澳大利亚裂谷边缘的地震反射数据的研究,Sverre Planke等先后识别出16种典型的火山岩地震相单元,本文选取其中8种研究得较为成熟的地震相单元来阐述地震火山地层学,分别为:近端向海倾斜反射体,②远端向海倾斜反射体,③外部隆起,④向陆熔岩流,⑤熔岩三角洲,⑥内部熔岩流,⑦穹隆,⑧岩席侵入。地震火山地层学为我们了解火山型裂谷边缘,分析该区大型火成岩省的形成过程提供了重要的技术和方法。
DSDP and ODP which started since 1960s brought the fever of research on marine science.These programs mainly pay attention to the study of passive continental margin and the process of continental extension,breakup,sea-floor spreading.Sverre Planke,professor of University of Oslo in Norway,introduced the concept of seismic volcanostratigraphy to analyze the seismic responds of volcanic sedimentation.The methods primarily focus on identification and description of seismic facies units then apply volcanological information to interpret these units.Through several years of research on seismic reflection data from Atlantic and Western Australia rifted margins,Sverre Planke gradually identified sixteen kinds of seismic facies units.This paper selected eight facies units well researched among them to explain seismic volcanostratigraphy:①Inner SDR,②Outer SDR,③Outer High,④Landward Flows,⑤Lava Delta,⑥Inner Flows,⑦Domes,⑧Sill Intrusions.Seismic volcanostratigraphy provides an important method for understanding of volcanic rifted margins and the formation process of giant basalt province in the rifted margin.
DSDP and ODP which started since 1960s brought the fever of research on marine science.These programs mainly pay attention to the study of passive continental margin and the process of continental extension,breakup,sea-floor spreading.Sverre Planke,professor of University of Oslo in Norway,introduced the concept of seismic volcanostratigraphy to analyze the seismic responds of volcanic sedimentation.The methods primarily focus on identification and description of seismic facies units then apply volcanological information to interpret these units.Through several years of research on seismic reflection data from Atlantic and Western Australia rifted margins,Sverre Planke gradually identified sixteen kinds of seismic facies units.This paper selected eight facies units well researched among them to explain seismic volcanostratigraphy:①Inner SDR,②Outer SDR,③Outer High,④Landward Flows,⑤Lava Delta,⑥Inner Flows,⑦Domes,⑧Sill Intrusions.Seismic volcanostratigraphy provides an important method for understanding of volcanic rifted margins and the formation process of giant basalt province in the rifted margin.
引文
[1]曹洁冰,周祖翼.被动大陆边缘:从大陆张裂到海底扩张[J].地球科学进展,2003,18:730-736.
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[3]任建业.海洋底构造导论[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008:198-205.
[4]Sebastian S R,Sverre P,Philip A,et al.Seismic volcanos-tratigraphy of the Gascoyne margin,Western Australia[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2008,172:112-131.
[5]J R Hopper.岩浆作用和裂谷边缘演化[J].Geology,1992,20:853-857.
[6]Sverre P,Philip A,Symonds E A,et al.Seismic volcanos-tratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:19335-19351.
[7]Sverre P,Olav E.Seismic response and construction of sea-ward dipping wedges of flood basalts:Voring volcanic mar-gin[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:9263-9278.
[8]ivind F,Sverre P,Phillip A,et al.Deep crustal structure and rheology of the Gascoyne volcanic margin,western Australia[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1998,20:293-312.
[9]H C Larsen,等.大洋钻探:研究东南格陵兰火山型张裂边缘的形成和演化[M].Proceedings ODP.init.Repts.152,Science Prospectus FY96Program,ODP Technical Note,No.20/3,1995.
[10]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:256-257.
[11]Stéphane P,Adriano M,Olivier G,et al.Saucer-shaped in-trusions:Occurrences,emplacement and implications[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,266:195-204.
[2]Laurent G.Volcanic passive margins[J].C.R.Geoscience,2005,337:1395-1408.
[3]任建业.海洋底构造导论[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008:198-205.
[4]Sebastian S R,Sverre P,Philip A,et al.Seismic volcanos-tratigraphy of the Gascoyne margin,Western Australia[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2008,172:112-131.
[5]J R Hopper.岩浆作用和裂谷边缘演化[J].Geology,1992,20:853-857.
[6]Sverre P,Philip A,Symonds E A,et al.Seismic volcanos-tratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:19335-19351.
[7]Sverre P,Olav E.Seismic response and construction of sea-ward dipping wedges of flood basalts:Voring volcanic mar-gin[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99:9263-9278.
[8]ivind F,Sverre P,Phillip A,et al.Deep crustal structure and rheology of the Gascoyne volcanic margin,western Australia[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1998,20:293-312.
[9]H C Larsen,等.大洋钻探:研究东南格陵兰火山型张裂边缘的形成和演化[M].Proceedings ODP.init.Repts.152,Science Prospectus FY96Program,ODP Technical Note,No.20/3,1995.
[10]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:256-257.
[11]Stéphane P,Adriano M,Olivier G,et al.Saucer-shaped in-trusions:Occurrences,emplacement and implications[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,266:195-204.
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