黄河流域内蒙古片水土流失遥感监测研究
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摘要
以黄河流域内蒙古片为例 ,利用TM影像及有关辅助数据 ,通过遥感软件ERDASIMAGINE、GIS软件ARC/INFO ,对影像进行增强处理、格式转换、解译等处理 ,得到土壤侵蚀的数据。结果表明 ,黄河流域内蒙古片风力侵蚀 ,水力侵蚀总体上仍比较严重。风力侵蚀与水力侵蚀所占比例分别为 4 8.76 %和 2 4 .32 %。与 1990年调查数据相比表明 ,水土流失面积减少、强度降低。但仍存在“边治理、边破坏”现象。水土流失集中分布于黄土丘陵区、风沙区 ,这也是水土保持的重点区域。
Soil Erosion is the main land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. To control soil erosion is of significance for achieving a sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The Inner Mongolia area in the Yellow River watershed is located in its middle reaches, and has an area of 1.513×105 km2 and population of 5.5962×106. It includes five main areas, i.e., the loess hilly-gully area, mountainous area, sand-drift area, arid steppe area, and plain area. In this paper, the data of soil erosion in the Inner Mongolia area in the Yellow River watershed are obtained based on the remote sensing images and other data by using the software of ARC/INFO contained in GIS and the ERDAS software of RS. The results show that the wind erosion and water erosion in Inner Mongolia are still serious, the proportions of the former and the latter are 48.76% and 24.32% respectively. Comparing with the data collected in 1990, the area of soil erosion and its intensity are reduced. However, both soil erosion control and destruction exist currently. Soil erosion occurs mainly in the loess hilly-gully areas and the sand-drift areas, and these areas are the main regions of water and soil conservation. It is suggested to take the suitable measures for controlling soil erosion in the wind-erosion areas and the water-erosion areas.
Soil Erosion is the main land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. To control soil erosion is of significance for achieving a sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The Inner Mongolia area in the Yellow River watershed is located in its middle reaches, and has an area of 1.513×105 km2 and population of 5.5962×106. It includes five main areas, i.e., the loess hilly-gully area, mountainous area, sand-drift area, arid steppe area, and plain area. In this paper, the data of soil erosion in the Inner Mongolia area in the Yellow River watershed are obtained based on the remote sensing images and other data by using the software of ARC/INFO contained in GIS and the ERDAS software of RS. The results show that the wind erosion and water erosion in Inner Mongolia are still serious, the proportions of the former and the latter are 48.76% and 24.32% respectively. Comparing with the data collected in 1990, the area of soil erosion and its intensity are reduced. However, both soil erosion control and destruction exist currently. Soil erosion occurs mainly in the loess hilly-gully areas and the sand-drift areas, and these areas are the main regions of water and soil conservation. It is suggested to take the suitable measures for controlling soil erosion in the wind-erosion areas and the water-erosion areas.
引文
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〔2〕 陈述彭,赵英时.遥感地学分析〔M〕.北京:测绘出辨社,1990,68～79.〔ChenShu peng,ZhaoYing shi.GeoscienceAnalysisbyRemoteSensing.Beijing:MappingPress,1990,68～79.〕
〔3〕 张敬波,马虹,杨国安.和田绿洲土地利用动态监测系统研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,2001,24(3):266～269.〔ZhangJing bo,MaHong,YangGuo’an.Studyonthemonitoringsystemofthedy namicsoflanduseinHotanOasis.AridLandGeography,2001,24(3):266～269.〕
〔4〕 周可法,吴世新.基于RS和GIS技术支持下城镇空间变化分析及应用研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,2002,25(1):61～64.〔ZhouKe fa,WuShi xin.AnalysisandapplicationoftheRS/GIS basedurbanspatialchange.AridLandGeography,2002,25(1):61～64.〕
〔5〕 马安青,王彦丽,陈东景等.黄土高原陇东地区土地利用遥感动态监测研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,2002,25(2):183～188.〔MaAn qing,WangYan li,ChenDong jing,etal.StudyontheRSdy namicmonitoringoflanduseineastGansuProvinceontheLoessPlateau.AridLandGeography,2002,25(2):183～188.〕
〔6〕 乔木,徐曼,岳键.新疆耕地资源卫星遥感调查数据分析研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,2002,25(4):309～314.〔QiaoMu,XuMan,YueJian.AnalysisonthesatelliteRSsurveydataoffarmlandre sourcesinXinjiang.AridLandGeography,2002,25(4):309～314.〕
〔7〕 TakashiMztsuyama.KnowledgeBasedAerialImageUnderstand ingSystemandExpertSystemsforImageProcessing〔J〕.IEEETransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSensing,1987,GE 25,(3):306～310.
〔8〕 BernhardNiclin,RichardGabler.AKnowledgeBasedSystemfortheAnalysisofAerialImages〔J〕.IEEETransactionsonGeo scienceandRemoteSensing,1987,GE 25,(3):317～329.
〔9〕 DavidMMckeown,TheRoleofArtificialIntelligenceintheInte grationofRemotelySensedDatawithGeographicInformationSystems〔J〕.IEEETransactionsonGeoscienceandRemoteSens ing,1987,GE 25,(3):333～347.
〔10〕DavidGGoodenough.AnExpertSystemforremoteSensing〔J〕,IEEETransactionsonGeosciencesandRemoteSensing,1987,GE～25,(3):350～359.
〔11〕BogdanowiczJF .ImageUnderstandingUtilizingStrategicCom putingInitiativeArchitectures〔J〕.ImageUnderstandingandtheManMachineInterface,SPIE 1987,758:60～68.
〔12〕王涛.遥感图像人机交互判读制图系统的研制〔D〕.中国科学院遥感应用研究所,1997.7.〔WangTao.DevelopmentoftheHuman computerInterpretationandMappingSystemofRSIm ages.InstituteofRemoteSensingApplication,ChineseAcademyofSciences,1997,7.〕
〔13〕甘枝茂.地貌特征对土壤侵蚀的影响〔J〕.土壤通报,1997,(2):23～25.〔GanZhi mao.Influenceofgeomorphologicfeaturesonsoilerosion.PedologyBulletin,1997(2):23～25.〕
〔14〕宁书年.遥感图像处理与应用〔M〕.北京:地震出版社,1995,28～30.〔NingShu nian.ProcessingandApplicationofRSImages.Beijing:SeismologyPress,1995,28～30.〕
〔15〕王秀兰,苏忠.基于GIS的内蒙古耕地时空变化研究〔J〕.干旱区地理,1999,22(2):72～76.〔WangXiu lan,SuZhong.StudyontheGIS basedtemporalandspatialchangeoffarmlandinInnerMongolia.AridLandGeography,1999,22(2):72～76.〕
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