煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径
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摘要
开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接根源,有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是减轻或避免开采沉陷环境灾害的根本之路.针对这一问题,分析了充填开采、条带开采和覆岩离层注浆岩层控制技术的优缺点,根据荷载置换原理,提出了"条带开采—注浆充填固结采空区—剩余条带开采"的三步法(二次条带式)开采沉陷控制的新思路.进行了三步法开采沉陷控制的可行性研究.初步分析表明,采用三步法开采可以实现对岩层移动和地表沉陷的有效控制,地表下沉系数可控制在0.25左右,煤炭采出率可达到80%～90%,可基本实现地面建筑物不搬迁和大幅度减轻土地塌陷灾害.
Mining subsidence is a direct source of environmental geological disaster in coal mine. To control or lighten the degree of mining subsidence is the basic way of reducing or avoiding the environmental disaster caused by underground mining. Advantages and disadvantages of mining with stowing, grouting in bed-separation of overburden and mining in strips for ground subsidence control are analyzed. Based on the principle of load replacement a new method for ground subsidence control of 3-step mining, stripping mining-goaf grouting, and filling-strip pillar mining is advanced. The feasibility studies of the method were carried out. The result shows that the mining subsidence can be controlled effectively using the 3-step mining. The final ground subsidence factor can be controlled in 0.25. The coal recovery will be 80%~90%. It will come true for coal mining without removing buildings over the working faces and for decreasing the land subsidence to a great degree.
Mining subsidence is a direct source of environmental geological disaster in coal mine. To control or lighten the degree of mining subsidence is the basic way of reducing or avoiding the environmental disaster caused by underground mining. Advantages and disadvantages of mining with stowing, grouting in bed-separation of overburden and mining in strips for ground subsidence control are analyzed. Based on the principle of load replacement a new method for ground subsidence control of 3-step mining, stripping mining-goaf grouting, and filling-strip pillar mining is advanced. The feasibility studies of the method were carried out. The result shows that the mining subsidence can be controlled effectively using the 3-step mining. The final ground subsidence factor can be controlled in 0.25. The coal recovery will be 80%~90%. It will come true for coal mining without removing buildings over the working faces and for decreasing the land subsidence to a great degree.
引文
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[2] 杨 伦.矿山开采沉陷对环境的损害比地震严重[J].科技导报,2001,(9):53-55.
[3] 苏仲杰,刘文生.减缓地表沉降的覆岩离层注浆新技术的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2001,(4):21-24.
[4] 王金庄,康建荣,吴立新.煤矿覆岩离层注浆减缓地表沉降机理与应用探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(4):331-334.
[5] PalaskiJ.Theexperimentalandpracticalresultsofapplyingbackfill.InnovationsinMiningBackfillTechnology[A].In:HassnalFP,ScobelMJ,eds.Proceedingsofthe4thInternationalSymposiumonMiningwithBackfill[C].Montreal:Balkema,RotterdamBrookfield,1989.33-37.
[6] 何国清,杨 伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991.
[7] 郭广礼.老采空区上方建筑地基变形机理及其控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.
[8] 郭广礼,何国清,邓喀中,等.采动破裂岩体地基注浆加固及其检测技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(3):293-296.
[9] 曹胜根,刘长友.采场破碎顶板注浆加固机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(3):288-290.
[10] 阳雨平,吴爱祥,余 健.利用注浆加固充填体技术回收水平矿柱[J].化工矿物与加工,2001(8):11-14.
[11] 杨米加,张 农.破裂岩体注浆加固后本构模型的研究[J].金属矿山,1998(5):11-14
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