古岩溶演化过程及对油气储集空间的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系为例
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摘要
岩溶作用是水对可溶性岩石的化学溶蚀和机械侵蚀与物质的迁移和再沉积的综合地质作用以及由此所产生的地质现象的统称。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩自沉积作用开始以后,经历了沉积成岩→溶蚀破坏→溶蚀充填→溶蚀改造等漫长的多期岩溶地质作用,古岩溶形态多种多样、大小多变、组构复杂。按照古岩溶形成的条件及控制因素可以将其划分为表生期岩溶和埋藏期岩溶2大类;表生期岩溶分为同生期层间岩溶和裸露期风化壳岩溶,埋藏期岩溶分为压释水岩溶和热水岩溶。认为古岩溶的演化过程控制着孔、洞体系的发育,对油气的储集空间的形成既有建设性又有破坏性的影响。
Karst roles include chemical solution and mechanical erode and substantial movement and redeposition due to the reciprocity of water and rock, which are a synthetical geological role. The carbonate rocks of Ordovician in the Ordos basin suffered from sedimentary formation stage and solution destroy and solution fill and solution rebuilt since sedimentary matter started to deposit. Palaeokarst have all kinds of styles and the complicated fabric. The palaeokarst styles may divide into surface Palaeokarst and burial Palaeokarst according to the condition of formation and the factor of control. The surface palaeokarst includes interval karst in the course of sedimentary and weathering crust karst in the course of denudation, The burial Palaeokarst includes the compaction released water karst and the hot water karst. Evolution process of Palaeokarst control to development of pore-cave system, construction and devastation exist at the same time in the course of development. So role of karst act as a important role on the influence of reservoir space.
Karst roles include chemical solution and mechanical erode and substantial movement and redeposition due to the reciprocity of water and rock, which are a synthetical geological role. The carbonate rocks of Ordovician in the Ordos basin suffered from sedimentary formation stage and solution destroy and solution fill and solution rebuilt since sedimentary matter started to deposit. Palaeokarst have all kinds of styles and the complicated fabric. The palaeokarst styles may divide into surface Palaeokarst and burial Palaeokarst according to the condition of formation and the factor of control. The surface palaeokarst includes interval karst in the course of sedimentary and weathering crust karst in the course of denudation, The burial Palaeokarst includes the compaction released water karst and the hot water karst. Evolution process of Palaeokarst control to development of pore-cave system, construction and devastation exist at the same time in the course of development. So role of karst act as a important role on the influence of reservoir space.
引文
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[2] 林畅松.贺兰拗拉槽盆地充填演化分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[3] 李景明,魏国齐,李东旭.中国西部叠合盆地天然气勘探前景[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(1):1-6.
[4] 任文军,张庆龙.鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起板块构造成因初步研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1999,23(2):192-195.
[5] 付金华,郑聪斌.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪华北海和祁连海演变及岩相古地理特征[J].古地理学报,2001,3(4):25-34.
[6] 夏日元,唐建生,关壁珠,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集规律[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133-136.
[7] 郝蜀民,司建平,许万年.鄂尔多斯盆地北部古生代岩溶及有利油气勘探区块预测[J].中国岩溶,1994,13(2):176-179.
[8] JamesNP,ChoquettePW.古岩溶[M].胡文海译.北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[9] 袁道先.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
[10] 拜文华,吕锡敏,李小军,等.古岩溶盆地岩溶作用模式及古地貌精细刻画——以鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳为例[J].现代地质,2002,16(3):292-298.
[11] 何自新,郑聪斌,陈安宁,等.长庆气田奥陶系古沟槽展布及其对气藏的控制[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):35-40.
[12] 袁志祥.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区奥陶系风化壳岩溶地震相特征与天然气勘探[J].天然气工业,2001,21(3):1-5.
[13] 周东延,周兴熙,顾家裕.轮南地区奥陶系风化壳岩溶系统油气成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):199-203.
[14] 章贵松,郑聪斌.压释水岩溶与天然气的运聚成藏[J].中国岩溶,2000,19(3):199-205.
[15] 郑荣才,陈洪德,刘文均,等.川北大安寨段储层深部热水溶蚀作用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(4):293-302.
[16] 张锦泉.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系沉积、古岩溶及储集特征[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992.
[17] 冯增昭.陕甘宁晋及内蒙古地区奥陶纪岩相古地理新探[J].地质论评,1983,(1):17-24.
[18] 冯增昭,陈继新,张吉森.鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[19] 冯增昭,鲍志东,张永生,等.鄂尔多斯奥陶纪地层岩石岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
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