岩石材料尺寸效应的试验和理论研究
|
摘要
通过在伺服试验机上对同直径不同长度大理岩样进行单轴压缩试验,研究了尺寸对岩石强度和变形特性以及破裂形式的影响规律,结果表明,岩石长度对峰值应力前的变形特性没有显著影响,但明显改变峰后的变形特性,长度越大的岩样,岩石峰后越脆;且直径一定时随着长度的增大,岩样破裂形式由竖向劈裂变为剪切破坏。岩石材料强度长度效应是由于岩样端部摩擦效应所致,而并非根源于材料的非均质性。提出了大理岩石材料尺寸效应的理论模型F0=F2exp[a+b(D/L)],所得理论曲线与试验值吻合得很好,其中物理参数a反应了岩石材料力学参数对尺寸的敏感程度,而物理参数b反应了岩石材料力学参数与尺寸的相关性,b>0呈负相关,b<0呈正相关,而b=0无相关性。
Uniaxial compression tests with marble specimens of different length-to-diameter ratios were carried out on a servo-controlled testing machine. The effect of the specimen length on the unconfined strength and the failure pattern was investigated. There is no clear effect of the specimen length on the deformation before stress peak, whereas there is significant effect after stress peak. The longer the specimen length is, the more brittle the material becomes after the stress peak. Failure of rock specimens changes from splitting pattern into shear pattern with the increase of length. The length effect results from the friction between the end faces of rock specimens and the loading platens, not the heterogeneity of rock material. A theoretical model of size effect of marble material, F0=F2exp[a+b(D/L)], is brought forward, which is verified by experimental data. Physical parameter a reflects the sensitivity of mechanical parameters on the size; b reflects the relation between mechanical parameters and sizes, which shows negative pertinence if b>0, positive pertinence if b<0, and no pertinence if b=0.
Uniaxial compression tests with marble specimens of different length-to-diameter ratios were carried out on a servo-controlled testing machine. The effect of the specimen length on the unconfined strength and the failure pattern was investigated. There is no clear effect of the specimen length on the deformation before stress peak, whereas there is significant effect after stress peak. The longer the specimen length is, the more brittle the material becomes after the stress peak. Failure of rock specimens changes from splitting pattern into shear pattern with the increase of length. The length effect results from the friction between the end faces of rock specimens and the loading platens, not the heterogeneity of rock material. A theoretical model of size effect of marble material, F0=F2exp[a+b(D/L)], is brought forward, which is verified by experimental data. Physical parameter a reflects the sensitivity of mechanical parameters on the size; b reflects the relation between mechanical parameters and sizes, which shows negative pertinence if b>0, positive pertinence if b<0, and no pertinence if b=0.
引文
[1] Hudson J A, Crouch S. Soft, Stiff and servo-controlled testing machines [J]. Eng. Geol.,1972,6(3):155~189.
[2]尤明庆,华安增.岩样单轴压缩下的尺度效应和矿柱支承性能[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(1):37~41. You Mingqing, Hua Anzeng. The size effect of uniaxial compression of rock specimen and support capacity of ore pillar [J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(1):37~41.(in Chinese)118工程力学
[3]尤明庆,邹友峰.关于岩石非均质性与强度尺寸效应的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):391~39. You Mingqing, Zou Youfeng. Discussion on heterogeneity of rock material and size effect on specimen strength [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):391~39.(in Chinese)
[4]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.21~25. Guo Zhi. Applied Mechanics of Rock Mass [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press,1996.21~25.(in Chinese)
[5]潘一山,魏建明.岩石材料应变软化尺寸效应的实验和理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):215~218. Pan Yishan, Wei Jianming. Experimental and theoretical study of size effect on strain softening of rock materials [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):215~218.(in Chinese)
[6]王学滨,潘一山,宋维源.岩石试件尺寸效应的塑性剪切应变梯度模型[J]岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):711~713. Wang Xuebin, Pan Yishan, Song Weiyuan. The model of plastic shear strain grandient on size effect in uniaxial compression of rock specimens [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(6):711~713.(in Chinese)
[7]刘宝琛,张寄生,杜奇中.岩石抗压强度的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):611~614. Liu Baochen, Zhang Jisheng, Du Qizhong. A study of size effect for compression strength of rock [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):611~614.(in Chinese)
[8]周火明,盛谦,邬爱清.三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体宏观力学参数的尺寸效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):661~664. Zhou Huoming, Sheng Qian, Wu Aiqing. Size effect analysis of macro-mechanics parameters for the rock masses of the TGP shiplock slope [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):661~664.(in Chinese)
[9]周国林,谭国柱,李启光.剪切破坏模式下岩石的强度准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):753~762. Zhou Guolin, Tan Guohuan, Li Qiguang. New strength criterion for rock with shear failure mode [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):753~762.(in Chinese)
[10]杨友卿.岩石强度的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):23~27. Yang Youqing. Continuum damage mechanics analysis of rock strength [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):23~27.(in Chinese)
[11]何满潮,薛廷河,彭延飞.工程岩体力学参数确定方法的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):225~229. He Manchao, Xue Tinghe, Peng Yanfei. A new way of determining mechanical parameters of engineering rock masses [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(2):225~229.(in Chinese)
[12]李宏,朱浮声,王泳嘉.岩石统计细观损伤与局部弱化失稳的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):28~32. Li Hong, Zhu Fusheng, Wang Yongjia. Size effect of statistical mesoscopic damage and local weakening failure of rock [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):28~32.(in Chinese)
[13]杨圣奇.岩石材料的非均质性与力学特性的研究[D].焦作:焦作工学院,2003,6:46~72. Yang Shengqi. The heterogeneity and mechanical properties of rock material [D]. Jiaozuo: Jiaozuo Institute of Technology.2003,6:46~72.(in Chinese)
[14] J C 耶格, N G W 库克.岩石力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.243~246. J C Jaeger, N G W Cook. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics [M]. Beijing: Science Press,1981,243~246.(in Chinese)
[15] Obert L, Windes S L, Duvall W I. Standardized test for determining the physical properties of mine rock [M]. U.S. Bur. Mines Rept. Invest,1946.3891.
[16] Brown E T. Gonano L P. Improved compression test technique for soft rock [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE,1974,100:197~199.
[2]尤明庆,华安增.岩样单轴压缩下的尺度效应和矿柱支承性能[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(1):37~41. You Mingqing, Hua Anzeng. The size effect of uniaxial compression of rock specimen and support capacity of ore pillar [J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(1):37~41.(in Chinese)118工程力学
[3]尤明庆,邹友峰.关于岩石非均质性与强度尺寸效应的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):391~39. You Mingqing, Zou Youfeng. Discussion on heterogeneity of rock material and size effect on specimen strength [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):391~39.(in Chinese)
[4]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996.21~25. Guo Zhi. Applied Mechanics of Rock Mass [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press,1996.21~25.(in Chinese)
[5]潘一山,魏建明.岩石材料应变软化尺寸效应的实验和理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):215~218. Pan Yishan, Wei Jianming. Experimental and theoretical study of size effect on strain softening of rock materials [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):215~218.(in Chinese)
[6]王学滨,潘一山,宋维源.岩石试件尺寸效应的塑性剪切应变梯度模型[J]岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):711~713. Wang Xuebin, Pan Yishan, Song Weiyuan. The model of plastic shear strain grandient on size effect in uniaxial compression of rock specimens [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(6):711~713.(in Chinese)
[7]刘宝琛,张寄生,杜奇中.岩石抗压强度的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):611~614. Liu Baochen, Zhang Jisheng, Du Qizhong. A study of size effect for compression strength of rock [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):611~614.(in Chinese)
[8]周火明,盛谦,邬爱清.三峡工程永久船闸边坡岩体宏观力学参数的尺寸效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):661~664. Zhou Huoming, Sheng Qian, Wu Aiqing. Size effect analysis of macro-mechanics parameters for the rock masses of the TGP shiplock slope [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):661~664.(in Chinese)
[9]周国林,谭国柱,李启光.剪切破坏模式下岩石的强度准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):753~762. Zhou Guolin, Tan Guohuan, Li Qiguang. New strength criterion for rock with shear failure mode [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):753~762.(in Chinese)
[10]杨友卿.岩石强度的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):23~27. Yang Youqing. Continuum damage mechanics analysis of rock strength [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):23~27.(in Chinese)
[11]何满潮,薛廷河,彭延飞.工程岩体力学参数确定方法的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):225~229. He Manchao, Xue Tinghe, Peng Yanfei. A new way of determining mechanical parameters of engineering rock masses [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(2):225~229.(in Chinese)
[12]李宏,朱浮声,王泳嘉.岩石统计细观损伤与局部弱化失稳的尺寸效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):28~32. Li Hong, Zhu Fusheng, Wang Yongjia. Size effect of statistical mesoscopic damage and local weakening failure of rock [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(1):28~32.(in Chinese)
[13]杨圣奇.岩石材料的非均质性与力学特性的研究[D].焦作:焦作工学院,2003,6:46~72. Yang Shengqi. The heterogeneity and mechanical properties of rock material [D]. Jiaozuo: Jiaozuo Institute of Technology.2003,6:46~72.(in Chinese)
[14] J C 耶格, N G W 库克.岩石力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.243~246. J C Jaeger, N G W Cook. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics [M]. Beijing: Science Press,1981,243~246.(in Chinese)
[15] Obert L, Windes S L, Duvall W I. Standardized test for determining the physical properties of mine rock [M]. U.S. Bur. Mines Rept. Invest,1946.3891.
[16] Brown E T. Gonano L P. Improved compression test technique for soft rock [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE,1974,100:197~199.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心