龙门山小鱼洞断裂在汶川地震中的地表破裂及地质意义
摘要
在龙门山中段小鱼洞地区映秀-北川断裂和彭县-灌县断裂发生了同震位移,同时在该地区新出现了一条北西向的同震破裂带——小鱼洞断裂的破裂带,并分割了两条近于平行的北东向逆冲-走滑型的主断裂。汶川特大地震发生后重点对小鱼洞断裂的地表破裂开展了详细的野外地质填图,利用全站仪和GPS对地表破裂进行了精确的测量。初步调查的结果表明,小鱼洞断裂位于映秀-北川断裂与彭县-灌县断裂之间,走向近于北西向,延伸约15km,以脆性破裂为特征,穿过小鱼洞大桥,并切割了多种类型的地貌单元,使道路发生拱曲、破坏和桥梁垮塌或移位。单个破裂长度在几米到300m不等,其南西盘为上升盘,北东盘为下降盘,平均垂直位错为1.0m,平均水平位错为2.3m,垂直与水平位错量之比1:1～1:2,显示为逆冲分量小于或等于左旋走滑分量,并以左旋走滑作用为主。同时,研究表明小鱼洞断裂属于映秀-北川断裂与彭县-灌县断裂之间的捩断层,其主要特征包括:1)是在汶川地震中由于龙门山逆冲体之间的差异逆冲运动过程中而形成的断裂;2)其走向近于北西向,垂直于龙门山北东向的主干断裂,而平行于逆冲体的逆冲运动方向;3)具有高角度断面的断层,以左旋走滑作用为主。
The Ms8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12~(th), 2008 in Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)caused surface ruptures in the Yingxiu -Beichuan Fault, the Pengxian -Guanxian Fault,and a new fault, the Xiaoyudong Fault in the Xiaoyudong area in the middle segment of the Longmenshan (Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province). Detailed geological mapping and surveying on typical surface ruptures and fault belts were taken by GPS and EDM after the earthquake in this area, e. g., including the measurement of vertical and horizontal offsets of all three faults. The results suggest that the plane fabric pattern of the surface rupture caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake in this area is consisting of two paralleled thrust faults, which are cut by the Xiaoyudong Fault. The Xiaoyudong Fault is located between the Yingxiu -Beichuan Fault and the Pengxian -Guanxian Fault with NW-SE striking, and extends about 15km through the Xiaoyudong Bridge, and cuts a wide range of terrain units. Its southwest block is a hanging wall and the northeast block is a foot wall with an average vertical offset of 1.0 meter and an average horizontal offset of 2.3 meters. The ratio of the thrust to strike-slip componenet is 1 : 1 ～ 1 : 2, showing the vertical offset is smaller than the horizontal offset, and from south to north the thrust displacement is increasing. The surface rupture pattern in the Xiaoyudong area implies that the Xiaoyudong Fault is a tear fault which was formed by differential movements of thrust belt in Longmenshan during the Wenchuan Earthquake. It striked in the direction of tectonic thrusting from NW to SE and dipped at high angles with left slipping.
The Ms8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12~(th), 2008 in Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)caused surface ruptures in the Yingxiu -Beichuan Fault, the Pengxian -Guanxian Fault,and a new fault, the Xiaoyudong Fault in the Xiaoyudong area in the middle segment of the Longmenshan (Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province). Detailed geological mapping and surveying on typical surface ruptures and fault belts were taken by GPS and EDM after the earthquake in this area, e. g., including the measurement of vertical and horizontal offsets of all three faults. The results suggest that the plane fabric pattern of the surface rupture caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake in this area is consisting of two paralleled thrust faults, which are cut by the Xiaoyudong Fault. The Xiaoyudong Fault is located between the Yingxiu -Beichuan Fault and the Pengxian -Guanxian Fault with NW-SE striking, and extends about 15km through the Xiaoyudong Bridge, and cuts a wide range of terrain units. Its southwest block is a hanging wall and the northeast block is a foot wall with an average vertical offset of 1.0 meter and an average horizontal offset of 2.3 meters. The ratio of the thrust to strike-slip componenet is 1 : 1 ～ 1 : 2, showing the vertical offset is smaller than the horizontal offset, and from south to north the thrust displacement is increasing. The surface rupture pattern in the Xiaoyudong area implies that the Xiaoyudong Fault is a tear fault which was formed by differential movements of thrust belt in Longmenshan during the Wenchuan Earthquake. It striked in the direction of tectonic thrusting from NW to SE and dipped at high angles with left slipping.
引文
1) 四川省地质局第二区域地质测量.灌县幅1:20万区域地质图.1976
2) 成都理工大学区域地质调查队.大宝山幅1:5万区域地质图.1994
1) 四川省地质局第二区域地质测量.灌县幅1:20万区域地质图.1976
1 李勇,曾允孚,伊海生.龙门山前陆盆地沉积及构造演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1995． 1～91 Li Yong,Zeng Yunfu,Yi Haisheng.Sedimentary Record and Tectonic Evolution of Longmen Shun Foreland Basin.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1995． 1-91
2 刘树根著.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993． 17～117 Liu Shugen.The Formation and Evolution of Longmenshan Thrust Zone and Western Sichuan,China.Chengdu:Press uf Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1993． 17-117
3 Li Yong,Densmore A L,Allen P A et al.Sedimentary responses to thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,and their implication of Cimmerian Continents and India/Eurasia collision.Scientia Geologica Sinica,2001,10(4) :223-243
4 Li Yong,Allen P A,Densmore A L et al.Evolution of the Lnngmen Shan foreland basin (Western Sichuan,China) during the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny.Basin Research,2003,15:117-138
5 李勇,周荣军,董顺利等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲-走滑作用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4) :404-413 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli et al.Surface rupture,thrusting and strike-slipping in Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2008,35(4) :404-413
6 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1688～1706 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Surface rapture and deformation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fauh by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1688-1706
7 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山彭县-灌县断裂的活动构造与地表破裂.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :403～415 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics and surface rupture of the Pengxian-Guanxian Fault,Longmen Mountain,Sichuan,China.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :403-415
8 李勇,黄润秋,周荣军等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂.工程地质学报,2009,17(1) :3-16 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun et al.Geological background of Longmen Shun seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1) :3-16
9 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.龙门山地震带的活动构造与汶川地震地表破裂及其研究进展.中国力学文摘,2008,22(4) :1～12 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Active tectunics anti the Wenchuan Earthquake surface ruptures in Longmenshan seismogenic belt.Chinese Mechanics Abstracts,2008,22 (4) :1-12
10 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597～629 Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :597-629
11 冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华等.汶川M_S8． 0地震发震断裂大地震原 地重复现象初析.地震地质,2008,30(3) :630～633 Ran Yongkang,Chen Lichun,Chen Guihua et al.Primary analyses of in-situ recurrence of large earthquake along seismogenic fault of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3) :630-633
12 陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章等.汶川Ms8． 0地震地表破裂变形定量分析--北川-映秀地表破裂带地震地质,2008,30(3) :723-738 Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang et al.Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :723-738
13 李海兵,付小方,Woerd Van der J等汶川地震(Ms8． 0) 地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1623-1643 Li Haibing,Fu Xiaofang,Woerd Van der J et al.Co-seisimic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1623-1643
14 刘静,张智慧,文力等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义--多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1707～1722 Liu Jing,Zhang Zhihui,Wen Li et al,The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake co-seisimic rupture and its tectonic implication--An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1707-1722
15 付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川Ms8． 0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1679～1687 Fu Bihong,Shi Pilong,Zhang Zhiwu.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1679-1687
16 张岳桥,杨农,施炜等.青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1668～1678 Zhang Yueqiao,Yang Nong,Shi Wei et al.Neotectonics of Eastern Tibet and its control on Wenchuan Earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1668-1678
17 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等著.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应.北京:地质出版社,2006． 1-134 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Continental Dynamic Pro-cesses and Geological Response in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 1-134
18 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,2006,26(1) :40～51 Li Yong,Zhou Ronjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenuzoie strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1) :40-51
19 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应.沉积学报,2006,24(2) :153～164 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Sedimentary responses to Late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shah along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2) :153-164
20 Zhou Rongjun,Li Yong,Densmore A Let al.Active tectonics of the Longmen Shan region on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81 (4) :593-604
21 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.龙门山断裂带走滑方向的反转及其沉积与地貌标志.矿物岩石,2006,26(4) :26-34 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic and sedimentary evidence for reversion of the strike-slip direction in Longmen Shan fault zone.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,26(4) :26-34
22 周荣军,李勇,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘活动构造.矿物岩石,2006,26(2) :40～51 Zhou Rougjun,Li Yong,Densmore A L et al,Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,26 (2) :40-51
23 Densmore A L,Ellis M A,Li Yong et al.Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonics,2007,26:TC4005,doi:10． 1029/2006TC 001987
24 Densmore A L,Li Yong,Ellis M A et al.Active tectonics and erosional unloading at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2(2) :146-154
25 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.The Geology of the Eastern Magin of the Qinghai-Tiben Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 1-110
26 Li Yong,Ellis M A,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics in the Longmeu Shah region,Eastern Tibetau Plateau.EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,2001,81 (48) :1109
27 Li Yong,Ellis M A,Densmore A L et al.Evidence for active strike-slip faults in the Longmen Shan,eastern margin of Tibet.EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,2000,82(47) :1104
28 Dennis,阎嘉祺译.国际构造地质词典.北京:地质出版社,1983． 81～82 Dennis,Translated by Yan Jiaqi.International Tectonic Dictionary.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1983． 81-82
29 Slone D S.New interpretations of the Piney Creek thrust and associated Granite Ridge tear fault,north eastern Bighorn Mountains,Wyoming.Rocky Mountain Geology,2003,35 (2) :205-238
30 Escalona A,Mann P.Tectonic controls of the right-lateral Burro Negro tear fault on Paleogene structure and stratigraphy,north eastern Maracaibo Basin.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2006,90 (4) :479-504
31 宋鸿彪,刘树根.龙门山中北段重磁场特征与深部构造的关系.成都理工大学(自然科学版),1991,18(1) :74～82 Song Hongbiao,Liu Shugen.The relation of gravity and aeromagnetic field and deep structure in middle-northern Longmenshao mountains.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),1991,18(1) :74-82
32 许仲路,朱红.四川彭县银厂沟--关口地区地质地貌特征及考察指南.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989． 1-92 Xu Zhonglu,Zhu Hong.Guide and Character of Geology and Geomorphology in Yinchanggou--Guankou Area,Pengxian,Sichuan.Chengdu:Science and Technology Publishing House,1989． 1-92
2) 成都理工大学区域地质调查队.大宝山幅1:5万区域地质图.1994
1) 四川省地质局第二区域地质测量.灌县幅1:20万区域地质图.1976
1 李勇,曾允孚,伊海生.龙门山前陆盆地沉积及构造演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1995． 1～91 Li Yong,Zeng Yunfu,Yi Haisheng.Sedimentary Record and Tectonic Evolution of Longmen Shun Foreland Basin.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press,1995． 1-91
2 刘树根著.龙门山冲断带与川西前陆盆地的形成演化.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993． 17～117 Liu Shugen.The Formation and Evolution of Longmenshan Thrust Zone and Western Sichuan,China.Chengdu:Press uf Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1993． 17-117
3 Li Yong,Densmore A L,Allen P A et al.Sedimentary responses to thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shan along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,and their implication of Cimmerian Continents and India/Eurasia collision.Scientia Geologica Sinica,2001,10(4) :223-243
4 Li Yong,Allen P A,Densmore A L et al.Evolution of the Lnngmen Shan foreland basin (Western Sichuan,China) during the Late Triassic Indosinian Orogeny.Basin Research,2003,15:117-138
5 李勇,周荣军,董顺利等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲-走滑作用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4) :404-413 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli et al.Surface rupture,thrusting and strike-slipping in Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2008,35(4) :404-413
6 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1688～1706 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Surface rapture and deformation of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fauh by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1688-1706
7 李勇,黄润秋,Densmore A L等.龙门山彭县-灌县断裂的活动构造与地表破裂.第四纪研究,2009,29(3) :403～415 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics and surface rupture of the Pengxian-Guanxian Fault,Longmen Mountain,Sichuan,China.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29 (3) :403-415
8 李勇,黄润秋,周荣军等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂.工程地质学报,2009,17(1) :3-16 Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun et al.Geological background of Longmen Shun seismic belt and surface ruptures in Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1) :3-16
9 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.龙门山地震带的活动构造与汶川地震地表破裂及其研究进展.中国力学文摘,2008,22(4) :1～12 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Active tectunics anti the Wenchuan Earthquake surface ruptures in Longmenshan seismogenic belt.Chinese Mechanics Abstracts,2008,22 (4) :1-12
10 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_S8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597～629 Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Ye Jianqing et al.The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :597-629
11 冉勇康,陈立春,陈桂华等.汶川M_S8． 0地震发震断裂大地震原 地重复现象初析.地震地质,2008,30(3) :630～633 Ran Yongkang,Chen Lichun,Chen Guihua et al.Primary analyses of in-situ recurrence of large earthquake along seismogenic fault of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3) :630-633
12 陈桂华,徐锡伟,郑荣章等.汶川Ms8． 0地震地表破裂变形定量分析--北川-映秀地表破裂带地震地质,2008,30(3) :723-738 Chen Guihua,Xu Xiwei,Zheng Rongzhang et al.Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Seismology and Geology,2008,30 (3) :723-738
13 李海兵,付小方,Woerd Van der J等汶川地震(Ms8． 0) 地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1623-1643 Li Haibing,Fu Xiaofang,Woerd Van der J et al.Co-seisimic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82 (12) :1623-1643
14 刘静,张智慧,文力等.汶川8级大地震同震破裂的特殊性及构造意义--多条平行断裂同时活动的反序型逆冲地震事件.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1707～1722 Liu Jing,Zhang Zhihui,Wen Li et al,The M_S8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake co-seisimic rupture and its tectonic implication--An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1707-1722
15 付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川Ms8． 0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1679～1687 Fu Bihong,Shi Pilong,Zhang Zhiwu.Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the Ms8． 0 Wenchuan Earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1679-1687
16 张岳桥,杨农,施炜等.青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用.地质学报,2008,82(12) :1668～1678 Zhang Yueqiao,Yang Nong,Shi Wei et al.Neotectonics of Eastern Tibet and its control on Wenchuan Earthquake.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12) :1668-1678
17 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等著.青藏高原东缘大陆动力学过程与地质响应.北京:地质出版社,2006． 1-134 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Continental Dynamic Pro-cesses and Geological Response in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 1-134
18 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,2006,26(1) :40～51 Li Yong,Zhou Ronjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic evidence for the Late Cenuzoie strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(1) :40-51
19 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑挤压作用的沉积响应.沉积学报,2006,24(2) :153～164 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Sedimentary responses to Late Cenozoic thrusting and strike-slipping of Longmen Shah along eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(2) :153-164
20 Zhou Rongjun,Li Yong,Densmore A Let al.Active tectonics of the Longmen Shan region on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81 (4) :593-604
21 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.龙门山断裂带走滑方向的反转及其沉积与地貌标志.矿物岩石,2006,26(4) :26-34 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.Geomorphic and sedimentary evidence for reversion of the strike-slip direction in Longmen Shan fault zone.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,26(4) :26-34
22 周荣军,李勇,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘活动构造.矿物岩石,2006,26(2) :40～51 Zhou Rougjun,Li Yong,Densmore A L et al,Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,26 (2) :40-51
23 Densmore A L,Ellis M A,Li Yong et al.Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonics,2007,26:TC4005,doi:10． 1029/2006TC 001987
24 Densmore A L,Li Yong,Ellis M A et al.Active tectonics and erosional unloading at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Mountain Science,2005,2(2) :146-154
25 Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Densmore A L et al.The Geology of the Eastern Magin of the Qinghai-Tiben Plateau.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 1-110
26 Li Yong,Ellis M A,Densmore A L et al.Active tectonics in the Longmeu Shah region,Eastern Tibetau Plateau.EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,2001,81 (48) :1109
27 Li Yong,Ellis M A,Densmore A L et al.Evidence for active strike-slip faults in the Longmen Shan,eastern margin of Tibet.EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union,2000,82(47) :1104
28 Dennis,阎嘉祺译.国际构造地质词典.北京:地质出版社,1983． 81～82 Dennis,Translated by Yan Jiaqi.International Tectonic Dictionary.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1983． 81-82
29 Slone D S.New interpretations of the Piney Creek thrust and associated Granite Ridge tear fault,north eastern Bighorn Mountains,Wyoming.Rocky Mountain Geology,2003,35 (2) :205-238
30 Escalona A,Mann P.Tectonic controls of the right-lateral Burro Negro tear fault on Paleogene structure and stratigraphy,north eastern Maracaibo Basin.American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2006,90 (4) :479-504
31 宋鸿彪,刘树根.龙门山中北段重磁场特征与深部构造的关系.成都理工大学(自然科学版),1991,18(1) :74～82 Song Hongbiao,Liu Shugen.The relation of gravity and aeromagnetic field and deep structure in middle-northern Longmenshao mountains.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),1991,18(1) :74-82
32 许仲路,朱红.四川彭县银厂沟--关口地区地质地貌特征及考察指南.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989． 1-92 Xu Zhonglu,Zhu Hong.Guide and Character of Geology and Geomorphology in Yinchanggou--Guankou Area,Pengxian,Sichuan.Chengdu:Science and Technology Publishing House,1989． 1-92
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心