平邑县左庄石膏矿区塌陷机理探析与防治措施
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摘要
左庄石膏矿区已发生过3次地面塌陷灾害,但井下调查发现采空区并未塌陷,作者根据矿区地质条件、矿体赋存状态、采矿方法及井巷工程布置等,分析认为致灾原因是矿山在建设初期将井巷工程布置得太靠近地表,在矿床回采时揭穿采空区顶板接触到第四系覆盖层,孔隙潜水携带泥砂流入矿坑发生潜蚀作用,在采空区顶板与第四系覆盖层之间形成“天窗式”砂漏,并逐渐在松散覆盖层中形成土洞,土洞塌陷后引发地面塌陷,形成“似岩溶塌陷”地质灾害,并由此提出了防治措施。
Disasters of ground sinking have taken place three times in the Zuozhuang gypsum mining area,but investigations under the mine shaft showed that there is no collapse found out within the sinking area.According to the geology condition in the mining area,the mineral deposit state,the method of mining and the arrangement of the well and lane,the author thinks that the reason leading to the disaster is that engineering arrangement of the well and lane is too close to the earth's surface in the early period of construction of the mine.When the mineral deposit was stopped exposing the roof of depletion region and the mineral forth system of overburden is touched,The hole phreatic water carrying the silt flow into mine gallery,producing latent corrosion,and then formed"sky light kind"sand leak between the overburden and the roof of depletion region,and gradually forms a soil hole in the loose overburden.The soil hole sinking leading to the ground sinking produces"the kind of karst sinking"the geological disaster.From all the facts above,the author proposed the preventing and controlling measure.
Disasters of ground sinking have taken place three times in the Zuozhuang gypsum mining area,but investigations under the mine shaft showed that there is no collapse found out within the sinking area.According to the geology condition in the mining area,the mineral deposit state,the method of mining and the arrangement of the well and lane,the author thinks that the reason leading to the disaster is that engineering arrangement of the well and lane is too close to the earth's surface in the early period of construction of the mine.When the mineral deposit was stopped exposing the roof of depletion region and the mineral forth system of overburden is touched,The hole phreatic water carrying the silt flow into mine gallery,producing latent corrosion,and then formed"sky light kind"sand leak between the overburden and the roof of depletion region,and gradually forms a soil hole in the loose overburden.The soil hole sinking leading to the ground sinking produces"the kind of karst sinking"the geological disaster.From all the facts above,the author proposed the preventing and controlling measure.
引文
[1]肖和平,潘芳喜.地质灾害与防御[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[2]陈学军.水口山铅锌矿地面塌陷机制、形成模式分析[J].南京大学学报(地质灾害及其防治专辑),1991,11.
[3]孙本壮.采矿概论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982.
[4]孙昭铮.井巷工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
[2]陈学军.水口山铅锌矿地面塌陷机制、形成模式分析[J].南京大学学报(地质灾害及其防治专辑),1991,11.
[3]孙本壮.采矿概论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1982.
[4]孙昭铮.井巷工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
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