厚硬顶板硬顶煤压缩性分析与综放开采方案选择
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摘要
顶煤的运移与垮落,尤其是内部微观裂隙的扩展,与其直接顶和老顶岩层的活动规律密切相关。张双楼煤矿主采煤层为7煤和9煤,两层煤之间赋存唯一一层厚硬岩层,即9煤层的直接顶也是7煤层的直接底。9煤较硬,其顶煤的可放性和开采方案的选择是其成功应用综放开采技术的关键。采用实验室物理模拟,分析厚硬岩层的破断特征,并根据开采不同布置方式与厚硬岩层的不同断距提出9种上层煤与下层煤不同开采方案,系统分析下层煤顶煤压缩量的变化及其可放性。计算机数值模拟与现场实践表明,7煤与9煤的工作面成交错布置方式,先采7煤后采9煤,一次采全高,最有利于9煤工作面的顶煤冒放,保证9煤综放开采的成功。研究结果可为类似条件下的厚硬煤层推广综放开采工艺提供设计指导。
The movement and breakage of top coal,especially its internal micro-fracture extension,are closely related to the movement regularity of its immediate roof and main roof.The hard-and-thick strata acts both as the floor of coal seam No.7 and as the roof of coal seam No.9 in Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine;and coal seam No.9 is also hard.Falling ability of coal seam No.9 and the choice of the mining method is the key to use the fully-mechanized with top-coal caving.Physical simulation is used to analyze the breakage features of the hard-and-thick strata.Nine mining methods are put forward for the upper and the lower coal seams mining;and the corresponding top-coal compressed volume of the lower coal seam is studied.At last,the rational mining method is determined as the staggered layout of coalface in the upper and the lower coal seam,with the upper coal seam is mined first and the lower coal seam is mined with the whole height.The numerical simulation and the field practice prove that the use of the fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving in the lower coal seam is successful.Achievements can be rationally used to guide the application of the fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving in the lower coal seam in the similar conditions.
The movement and breakage of top coal,especially its internal micro-fracture extension,are closely related to the movement regularity of its immediate roof and main roof.The hard-and-thick strata acts both as the floor of coal seam No.7 and as the roof of coal seam No.9 in Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine;and coal seam No.9 is also hard.Falling ability of coal seam No.9 and the choice of the mining method is the key to use the fully-mechanized with top-coal caving.Physical simulation is used to analyze the breakage features of the hard-and-thick strata.Nine mining methods are put forward for the upper and the lower coal seams mining;and the corresponding top-coal compressed volume of the lower coal seam is studied.At last,the rational mining method is determined as the staggered layout of coalface in the upper and the lower coal seam,with the upper coal seam is mined first and the lower coal seam is mined with the whole height.The numerical simulation and the field practice prove that the use of the fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving in the lower coal seam is successful.Achievements can be rationally used to guide the application of the fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving in the lower coal seam in the similar conditions.
引文
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[8]张东升,马立强,缪协兴,等.综放巷内充填原位沿空留巷技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1 164–1 168.(Zhang Dongsheng,Ma Liqiang,Miao Xiexing,et al.The technique of gob-side entry retaining with entry-in packing on its original position in fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1 164–1 168.(in Chinese))
[9]石永奎,李兴伟.采场覆岩运动仿真系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 539–2 541.(Shi Yongkui,Li Xingwei.System of movement simulation for cover rocks in mining site[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 539–2 541.(in Chinese))
[10]林崇德.层状岩石顶板破坏机制数值模拟过程分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):392–396.(Lin Chongde.Procedure analysis of numerical simulation for the failure mechanism or laminate rock roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):392–396.(in Chinese))
[11]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.(Wang Yongjia,Xing Jibo.Discrete element method and its application to geotechnical mechanics[M].Shenyang:Northeast Industry College Press,1991.(in Chinese))
[12]朱焕春,Brummer R,Andrieux P.节理岩体数值计算方法及应用(一):方法与讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3 444–3 449.(Zhu Huanchun,Brummer R,Andrieux P.Numerical modeling methods for jointed rock mass and its application,part 1:approaches and discussions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3 444–3 449.(in Chinese))
[13]姜福兴,杨淑华,Xun Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(Jiang Fuxing,Yang Shuhua,Xun Luo.spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in long wall face monitored by micro Seismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[14]唐春安,赵文.岩石破裂全过程分析软件系统RFPA2D[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):507–508.(Tang Chun′an,Zhao Wen.RFPA2D systerm for rock failure process anslysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(5):507–508.(in Chinese))
[15]史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3 066–3 069.(Shi Hong,Jiang Fuxing.Mechanical analysis of rupture regularity of hard and massive overlying strata of longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3 066–3 069.(in Chinese))
[2]魏锦平,靳钟铭,杨彦风,等.坚硬顶板控制的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 488–2 491.(Wei Jinping,Jin Zhongming,Yang Yanfeng,et al.Numerical simulation of hard roof control[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 488–2 491.(in Chinese))
[3]魏锦平,靳钟铭,牛彦华,等.两硬条件综放矿压的实验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,1999,30(3):331–335.(Wei Jinping,Jin Zhongming,Niu Yanhua,et al.The experimental studies on rock pressure at the fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,1999,30(3):331–335.(in Chinese))
[4]古全忠,史元伟,齐庆新.放顶煤采场顶板运动规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(1):45–50.(Gu Quanzhong,Shi Yuanwei,Qi Qingxin.Rules of roof movement in sub-level caving workings[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(1):45–50.(in Chinese))
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(Qian Minggao,Miao Xiexing,Xu Jailin,et al.Key Strata Theory in Ground Control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(6):557–563.(Qian Minggao,Miao Xiexing,He Fulian.Analysis of key block in the structure of voussoir beam in long mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(6):557–563.(in Chinese))
[7]黄建功.大倾角煤层采场顶板运动结构分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):411–414.(Huang Jiangong.Structural analysis of roof movement for steep coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2002,31(5):411–414.(in Chinese))
[8]张东升,马立强,缪协兴,等.综放巷内充填原位沿空留巷技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1 164–1 168.(Zhang Dongsheng,Ma Liqiang,Miao Xiexing,et al.The technique of gob-side entry retaining with entry-in packing on its original position in fully-mechanized coalface with top-coal caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1 164–1 168.(in Chinese))
[9]石永奎,李兴伟.采场覆岩运动仿真系统[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 539–2 541.(Shi Yongkui,Li Xingwei.System of movement simulation for cover rocks in mining site[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 539–2 541.(in Chinese))
[10]林崇德.层状岩石顶板破坏机制数值模拟过程分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):392–396.(Lin Chongde.Procedure analysis of numerical simulation for the failure mechanism or laminate rock roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):392–396.(in Chinese))
[11]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离散单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1991.(Wang Yongjia,Xing Jibo.Discrete element method and its application to geotechnical mechanics[M].Shenyang:Northeast Industry College Press,1991.(in Chinese))
[12]朱焕春,Brummer R,Andrieux P.节理岩体数值计算方法及应用(一):方法与讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3 444–3 449.(Zhu Huanchun,Brummer R,Andrieux P.Numerical modeling methods for jointed rock mass and its application,part 1:approaches and discussions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3 444–3 449.(in Chinese))
[13]姜福兴,杨淑华,Xun Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(Jiang Fuxing,Yang Shuhua,Xun Luo.spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in long wall face monitored by micro Seismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[14]唐春安,赵文.岩石破裂全过程分析软件系统RFPA2D[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):507–508.(Tang Chun′an,Zhao Wen.RFPA2D systerm for rock failure process anslysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(5):507–508.(in Chinese))
[15]史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3 066–3 069.(Shi Hong,Jiang Fuxing.Mechanical analysis of rupture regularity of hard and massive overlying strata of longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3 066–3 069.(in Chinese))
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