青藏高原油气资源远景评价问题
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摘要
位于全球特提斯巨型油气构造域东段的青藏高原是我国现今陆上面积最大、油气调查和研究程度最低的地区。尽管近些年来对青藏高原油气地质研究取得了大量成果,但是仍存在诸多尚未解决的基础地质和石油地质问题,从而影响并制约着该区油气资源远景评价。根据特提斯构造域演化、青藏高原大地构造属性、盆地基底以及新生代大陆碰撞、高原隆升对盆地的改造作用,提出了影响该区油气资源远景评价的10个重要问题,并对这些问题进行了讨论分析,指出了该区油气地质调查与远景评价中应进一步深入研究的关键问题。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the east part of the Tethys realm that is the largest petroliferous region onshore in China which is under-explored.Because of the special structure,complicated tectonic evolution and badly natural environment,the research level of petroleum exploration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the lowest in China.There are some unsolved problems in the study on basic geology and petroleum.These problems have been and still are the obstacles for further evaluation of oil and gas.Based on the present fact,ten problems about oil and gas evaluation including evolution of Tethys,structural attribute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,basement of basin,and influence of Cenozoic continental collision and plateau uplift were discussed.Some key problems to be researched in oil-gas survey and evaluation in this area were pointed out.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the east part of the Tethys realm that is the largest petroliferous region onshore in China which is under-explored.Because of the special structure,complicated tectonic evolution and badly natural environment,the research level of petroleum exploration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the lowest in China.There are some unsolved problems in the study on basic geology and petroleum.These problems have been and still are the obstacles for further evaluation of oil and gas.Based on the present fact,ten problems about oil and gas evaluation including evolution of Tethys,structural attribute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,basement of basin,and influence of Cenozoic continental collision and plateau uplift were discussed.Some key problems to be researched in oil-gas survey and evaluation in this area were pointed out.
引文
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[5]郑度,姚檀栋.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-160.
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[12]王冠民.西藏措勤盆地构造沉积演化及含油气远景[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):32-35.
[13]余光明,王成善,张哨楠.西藏地区特提斯中生代沉积特征及沉积盆地演化[J].中国科学B辑,1989,19(9):982-990.
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[18]Wilson J T.On the building and classification of Mountains[J].Geophy Res.,1990,95(B5):6 611-6 628.
[19]Sengor A M C.板块构造学与造山运动—特提斯例析[M].丁晓,周祖翼,赵国先,等译.上海:复旦大学出版社,1992:1-182.
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[22]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J].Annu Rev.Earth Planet Sci.,2000,28:211-280.
[23]Wang Chengshan,Liu Zhifei,Yi Haisheng,et al.Tertiary crustshortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region:Implicationsfor the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Jour-nal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,20(3):211-223.
[24]熊盛青,周伏洪,姚正煦,等.青藏高原中西部航磁调查[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-150.
[25]Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise andgrowth of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science,2001,294(23):1 671-1 677.
[26]肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原构造演化与隆升机制[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004:1-313.
[27]李才.羌塘基底质疑[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):4-9.
[28]王成善,刘志飞.西藏日喀则弧前盆地与雅鲁藏布江缝合带[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:112-200.
[29]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Mercier J P.Quaternary extension insouthern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91(13):13 803-13 872.
[30]Yin An,Kapp P A,Murphy M A,et al.Significant late Neogeneeast-west extension in northern Tibet[J].Geology,1999,27(9):787-790.
[31]李亚林,王成善,伊海生.西藏北部双湖地堑构造与新生代伸展作用[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(增刊):228-232.
[32]周华伟,Murphy Michaet,林清良.西藏及其周围地区地壳、地震层析成像———印度板块大规模俯冲于西藏高原之下的证据[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):285-292.
[33]张进,马宗晋.西藏高原西、中、东的分段性及其意义[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):218-236.
[34]李亚林,王成善,伊海生.青藏高原新生代地堑构造研究中几个问题的讨论[J].地质论评,2005,51(5):493-501.
[35]Liu Chiyang,Yang Xingke,Ren Zhangli,et al.Definiting and itsgeologic meaning of south-north trend faulted structure belt inQiangtang basin,north part of Tibet[J].Earth Science Frontier,2000,7(supp):223-224.
[36]Wang Hongzhen.The main stages of crustal development of Chi-na[J].Earth Science Journal of Wuhan College Geology,1982,18(3):152-177
[37]Kapp Paul,Yin An,Manning Craig E,et al.Blueschist-bearingmetamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deepcrustal structure of northern Tibet[J].Geology,2000,28(1):19-22.
[38]Zhang K J.Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes inthe Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northernTibe:Comment and reply[J].Geology,2001,29(1):90-91.
[39]Wang Guozhi,Wang Chengshan.Disintegration and age of base-ment metamorphic rocks in Qiangtang,Tibet,China[J].Sciencein China(Series D),2001,44(Supp):86-93.
[40]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-541.
[41]李才,程立人,张以春,等.西藏羌塘盆地南部发现奥陶纪—泥盆纪地层[J].地质通报,2004,23(5):602-604.
[42]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-438.
[43]尹富光.羌塘盆地中央隆起的性质与成因[J].大地构造与成矿学,2003,27(2):143-146.
[44]王成善,张哨楠.藏北双湖地区三叠纪油页岩的发现[J].中国地质,1987,(8):29-31.
[45]林金辉,伊海生,邹艳荣.藏北高原海相油页岩生物标志化合物对比研究[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):57-64.
[46]Chen Lan,Yi Haisheng,Hu Ruizhong,et al.Organic geochemis-try of the Early Jurassic oil shale from the Shuanghu area inNorthern Tibet and the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(3):392-397.
[47]Liu Zhifei,Wang Chengshan,Yi Haisheng,et al.Magnetostratig-raphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh-Xil Basin:Implicationsfor the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geo-physical Journal International,2003,154(2):233-252.
[48]王成善,伊海生,伍新和,等.西藏羌塘盆地古油气藏发现及其意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):135-143.
[49]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.西藏羌塘盆地烃源岩古油藏带及其油气勘探远景[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):13-17.
[2]艾华国,兰林英,朱宏泉,等.伦坡拉第三纪盆地的形成机理及石油地质特征[J].石油学报,1998,19(2):21-27.
[3]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原海相烃源层的油气生成[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:610-613.
[4]王成善,伊海生.羌塘盆地地质演化与油气远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-215.
[5]郑度,姚檀栋.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-160.
[6]王剑,谭富文,李亚林,等.青藏高原重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-317.
[7]周玉琦,易荣龙,舒文培,等.中国石油天然气资源[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002:1-242.
[8]徐旺.中国含油气区划[M]∥张文昭.中国陆相大油田.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:33-51.
[9]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原大地构造特征及盆地演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:1-427.
[10]鲁兵,李永铁,刘忠,等.青藏高原的盆地形成与分类[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):21-26.
[11]李勇,王成善,伊海生,等.中生代羌塘前陆盆地充填序列及演化过程[J].地层学杂志,2002,26(1):63-79.
[12]王冠民.西藏措勤盆地构造沉积演化及含油气远景[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):32-35.
[13]余光明,王成善,张哨楠.西藏地区特提斯中生代沉积特征及沉积盆地演化[J].中国科学B辑,1989,19(9):982-990.
[14]Klemme H D,Ulmishek G F.Effective petroleum source rocks ofthe world:Stratigraphic distribution and controlling depositionalfactors[J].The American Association of Petroleum GeologistsBulletin,1991,75(12):1 809-1 851.
[15]徐旺.西藏石油地质简介[J].石油知识,1990,6(2):4-6.
[16]王成善,张哨楠.青藏高原含油气盆地分析与油气资源潜力[J].地球科学,1996,21(2):120-130.
[17]Wang Chengshan,Chang Edmund,Zhang Shaonan.Potential oiland gas bearing basins on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China[J].International Geological Review,1997,39(10):876-890.
[18]Wilson J T.On the building and classification of Mountains[J].Geophy Res.,1990,95(B5):6 611-6 628.
[19]Sengor A M C.板块构造学与造山运动—特提斯例析[M].丁晓,周祖翼,赵国先,等译.上海:复旦大学出版社,1992:1-182.
[20]张国伟,周鼎武,于在平.大陆造山带成因研究[M]∥肖庆辉.当代地质科学前沿.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993:145-153.
[21]Decells P G,Robinson D M,Zandt G.Implications of shorteningin the Himalayan fold-thrust belt for uplift of the Tibetan Plat-eau[J].Tectonics,2002,21(6):1 602.
[22]Yin A,Harrison T M.Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J].Annu Rev.Earth Planet Sci.,2000,28:211-280.
[23]Wang Chengshan,Liu Zhifei,Yi Haisheng,et al.Tertiary crustshortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region:Implicationsfor the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Jour-nal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,20(3):211-223.
[24]熊盛青,周伏洪,姚正煦,等.青藏高原中西部航磁调查[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-150.
[25]Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise andgrowth of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science,2001,294(23):1 671-1 677.
[26]肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原构造演化与隆升机制[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2004:1-313.
[27]李才.羌塘基底质疑[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):4-9.
[28]王成善,刘志飞.西藏日喀则弧前盆地与雅鲁藏布江缝合带[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:112-200.
[29]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Mercier J P.Quaternary extension insouthern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91(13):13 803-13 872.
[30]Yin An,Kapp P A,Murphy M A,et al.Significant late Neogeneeast-west extension in northern Tibet[J].Geology,1999,27(9):787-790.
[31]李亚林,王成善,伊海生.西藏北部双湖地堑构造与新生代伸展作用[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(增刊):228-232.
[32]周华伟,Murphy Michaet,林清良.西藏及其周围地区地壳、地震层析成像———印度板块大规模俯冲于西藏高原之下的证据[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):285-292.
[33]张进,马宗晋.西藏高原西、中、东的分段性及其意义[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):218-236.
[34]李亚林,王成善,伊海生.青藏高原新生代地堑构造研究中几个问题的讨论[J].地质论评,2005,51(5):493-501.
[35]Liu Chiyang,Yang Xingke,Ren Zhangli,et al.Definiting and itsgeologic meaning of south-north trend faulted structure belt inQiangtang basin,north part of Tibet[J].Earth Science Frontier,2000,7(supp):223-224.
[36]Wang Hongzhen.The main stages of crustal development of Chi-na[J].Earth Science Journal of Wuhan College Geology,1982,18(3):152-177
[37]Kapp Paul,Yin An,Manning Craig E,et al.Blueschist-bearingmetamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deepcrustal structure of northern Tibet[J].Geology,2000,28(1):19-22.
[38]Zhang K J.Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes inthe Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northernTibe:Comment and reply[J].Geology,2001,29(1):90-91.
[39]Wang Guozhi,Wang Chengshan.Disintegration and age of base-ment metamorphic rocks in Qiangtang,Tibet,China[J].Sciencein China(Series D),2001,44(Supp):86-93.
[40]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-541.
[41]李才,程立人,张以春,等.西藏羌塘盆地南部发现奥陶纪—泥盆纪地层[J].地质通报,2004,23(5):602-604.
[42]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-438.
[43]尹富光.羌塘盆地中央隆起的性质与成因[J].大地构造与成矿学,2003,27(2):143-146.
[44]王成善,张哨楠.藏北双湖地区三叠纪油页岩的发现[J].中国地质,1987,(8):29-31.
[45]林金辉,伊海生,邹艳荣.藏北高原海相油页岩生物标志化合物对比研究[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):57-64.
[46]Chen Lan,Yi Haisheng,Hu Ruizhong,et al.Organic geochemis-try of the Early Jurassic oil shale from the Shuanghu area inNorthern Tibet and the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(3):392-397.
[47]Liu Zhifei,Wang Chengshan,Yi Haisheng,et al.Magnetostratig-raphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh-Xil Basin:Implicationsfor the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geo-physical Journal International,2003,154(2):233-252.
[48]王成善,伊海生,伍新和,等.西藏羌塘盆地古油气藏发现及其意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):135-143.
[49]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.西藏羌塘盆地烃源岩古油藏带及其油气勘探远景[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):13-17.
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